4,295 articles
List of culinary nuts
Culinary nuts: edible hard-shelled kernels including true nuts (hazelnuts, chestnuts), drupe seeds (almonds, cashews, pistachios, pecans, walnuts), and the legume peanut; definitions, nutrition, production, and allergy.
List of data deficient plants
Data deficient plants: plant species the IUCN Red List lists as Data Deficient (DD), meaning too little information exists to assess extinction risk; includes examples like small flower grevillea and programs in NSW and South Africa.
List of edible seeds
The list of edible seeds covers the major groups of seeds eaten by humans: cereal grains, pulses, oilseeds and nuts, pseudocereals, and spice or condiment seeds.
List of grape varieties
List of grape varieties: catalogs of cultivated Vitis grapes for wine, table, and dried use; over 10,000 varieties exist, led by Kyoho, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sultanina, Merlot, and Tempranillo by planted area.
List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
The list of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay covers green algae (Chlorophyta) recorded along the Peninsula's Atlantic coast and False Bay shores in South Africa.
List of Hibiscus cultivars
List of Hibiscus cultivars: named tropical (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), hardy herbaceous (H. moscheutos hybrids), and rose of Sharon (H. syriacus) cultivars, including AGM winners, Chicago Botanic Garden trial ratings, and Flower Tower and Chiffon series.
List of largest giant sequoias
List of largest giant sequoias, ranked by trunk volume; General Sherman (1,487 m³) is the largest living tree, followed by President and General Grant; Stagg fifth, Boole sixth; wildfire killed 18% of large sequoias 2015–2024.
List of mango cultivars
Mango cultivars, named propagated varieties of Mangifera indica selected for fruit color, flavor, and disease resistance, number over 1,000 worldwide, including Alphonso, Tommy Atkins, and Haden.
List of Nepenthes natural hybrids
Nepenthes natural hybrids (nothospecies) such as N. ×hookeriana, ×trusmadiensis, and ×trichocarpa: wild crosses of tropical pitcher plants, their parentage, naming, molecular confirmation, and ecology.
List of oldest trees
The List of oldest trees documents the oldest individual, non-clonal specimens, primarily Great Basin bristlecone pines in the western United States, based on growth rings or radiocarbon dating.
List of plants used in herbalism
Plants used in herbalism, also called medicinal plants, are species whose parts serve as herbal medicines under WHO definitions; best-studied examples include echinacea, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, St John's wort, and valerian, and about 30% of modern drugs derive from plants.
List of poisonous plants
Poisonous plants contain toxic compounds in some or all parts; notable examples include poison hemlock, water hemlock, oleander, chokecherry, cocklebur, brackenfern, and lycorine-containing amaryllis and daffodil.
List of psychoactive plants
List of psychoactive plants: cannabis (THC), peyote (mescaline), ayahuasca (DMT, harmala alkaloids), Salvia divinorum (salvinorin A), coca, and LSA plants, with traditional uses, safety evidence, and legal status.
List of rice cultivars
List of rice cultivars: named released varieties of Oryza sativa, from IRRI's IR8 (1966, first semidwarf, sd-1) to ICAR-IIRR's 253 Indian varieties, PhilRice NSIC zinc and Salinas lines, and TNAU releases.
List of Southern African indigenous trees and woody lianes
List of Southern African Indigenous Trees, also the National list of indigenous trees (von Breitenbach) and Pocket List, a Dendrological Society checklist of native trees and woody lianes using stable tree numbers, updated via Dendron and the Tree Naming Committee.
List of woods
List of woods: reference inventories of lumber species (hardwood, softwood, monocot) with Janka hardness, density at 12% moisture content, strength data, and CITES/IUCN trade status; examples from basswood 410 lbf to Ipe 3,510 lbf.
Lithocarpus
Lithocarpus, the stone oaks, a genus of about 300-350 evergreen Fagaceae trees of tropical and subtropical Asia, insect-pollinated, with erect spikes and nuts in valveless cupules, distinct from Quercus.
Lithophyte
Lithophyte (stone plant; saxicolous, rupicolous, epipetric): a plant growing in or on rocks, drawing water and nutrients from rain, dew, debris, and rock-weathering microbes; distinct from chasmophytes, which root in rock crevices; common in orchids, bromeliads, cacti, ferns, and mosses.
Lithops
Lithops (living stones) is a genus of about 38 stone-mimicking succulents in Aizoaceae from Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana, with fused CAM leaves, translucent leaf windows, self-sterile daisy-like flowers, and hydrochastic seed capsules.
Lithospermum
Lithospermum (gromwells, marbleseeds), a Boraginaceae genus of ca. 80 species native to Old and New Worlds, center of diversity in Mexico; L. erythrorhizon roots yield the medicinal red pigment shikonin (zicao).
Litsea
Litsea (Lam., 1792) is a genus of about 400 dioecious Lauraceae trees and shrubs from tropical-subtropical Asia to the Pacific and the Americas; polyphyletic, known for Litsea cubeba citral oil.
Live oak
Live oak (Quercus virginiana), or southern/Virginia live oak, is a nearly evergreen southeastern US coastal oak with huge spreading crowns, salt-spray tolerance, dense shipbuilding wood, and Texas and sand live oak varieties.
Liverworts of Ireland
The liverworts of Ireland comprise 236 taxa recorded by the 2025 national Red List, including rare hyperoceanic Atlantic species of wet heath and Atlantic woodland.
Lobelia
Lobelia, a large cosmopolitan genus of Campanulaceae (lobelias) with about 444 species, two-lipped resupinate flowers, alkaloids such as lobeline, ornamental and medicinal species, and a southern African origin.
Lodoicea
Lodoicea maldivica, the coco de mer or double coconut, a monotypic dioecious palm endemic to Praslin and Curieuse in the Seychelles, producing the world's largest seed and classified as endangered.
Loganberry
Loganberry (Rubus × loganobaccus) is a raspberry-American blackberry hybrid created in 1881 by Judge James Harvey Logan in Santa Cruz, California; deep red, sharp fruit used for jams, juice, and processing, parent of tayberry and boysenberry.
Loganiaceae
Loganiaceae (loganias) is a conserved family name in Gentianales with 16 genera and about 400 species, including Strychnos and Spigelia; once polyphyletic, now circumscribed as sister to Apocynaceae.
Lolium multiflorum
Lolium multiflorum, Italian or annual ryegrass, a Poaceae bunchgrass native from Macaronesia to the Himalaya, grown worldwide for forage, silage, and cover cropping, and a major herbicide-resistant weed.
Lolium perenne
Lolium perenne, perennial ryegrass, is a Poaceae forage and turf grass native from Europe to the Himalaya, self-incompatible, wind-pollinated, optimal at 14-25 degrees C, drought-sensitive, and the most widely grown temperate grass.
Lolium rigidum
Lolium rigidum (rigid or annual ryegrass), Mediterranean annual grass and pasture species, is Australia's worst crop weed and the world's most severe herbicide-resistance case, with resistance to 11 sites of action and first glyphosate resistance in 1996.