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Monocotyledon
A monocotyledon, or monocot, is a flowering plant whose embryo has a single seed leaf, a group of about 70,000 species including grasses, orchids, and palms.
Monotropa
Monotropa (ghost pipe, Indian pipe, pinesap) is a genus of four accepted achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic herbs in Ericaceae, native from the subarctic and temperate Northern Hemisphere to Colombia, feeding via monotropoid mycorrhizas with Russulaceae or Tricholoma fungi and pollinated mainly by Bombus bumblebees.
Monotropa uniflora
Monotropa uniflora, ghost pipe or Indian pipe (shui jing lan), is a white chlorophyll-free Ericaceae herb parasitizing Russulaceae mycorrhizal fungi linked to trees, native from Canada to Mexico and East Asia, with a ~46 kb reduced plastome.
Monstera
Monstera is a genus of evergreen climbing plants in the arum family, native from Mexico to tropical America, known for large perforated leaves behind the name Swiss cheese plant.
Monstera deliciosa
Monstera deliciosa (Swiss-cheese plant, ceriman, tarovine) is a hemiepiphytic Araceae vine native to southern Mexico to Guatemala, grown for fenestrated leaves and edible ripe fruit; toxic unripe parts, high invasion risk in Florida.
Montane and alpine fern ecology
Montane and alpine fern ecology is the study of how elevation filters ferns, whose richness peaks in humid mid-elevation cloud forests and falls toward cold summits.
Moraceae
Moraceae, the mulberry family, is a tropical Rosales family of trees, shrubs, and figs with milky latex and stipular scars, sister to Urticaceae, about 47 accepted genera and over 1,000 species.
Morinda
Morinda L. (noni genus, Indian mulberry, Morinda citrifolia) is a pantropical genus of Rubiaceae in tribe Morindeae with head inflorescences and syncarpous fruits; 39 accepted species, lectotype M. royoc, root bark used as morindin dye.
Morinda citrifolia
Morinda citrifolia (noni, Indian mulberry), a Rubiaceae shrub native to tropical Asia and northern Australia, used in Pacific traditional medicine; its juice is an EU-authorized novel food, with no approved drugs and limited human evidence.
Moringa (genus)
Moringa (murungai) is the sole genus of Moringaceae, 13 species of dry-tropical trees in Brassicales; M. oleifera, the drumstick tree, is grown for food, fodder, ben oil, and seed-based water coagulation.
Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera, the drumstick, horseradish, or ben oil tree, is a fast-growing Himalayan-native tree cultivated across the tropics for nutritious leaves, water-purifying seeds, ben oil, and traditional medicine; clinical evidence remains preliminary.
Moringaceae
Moringaceae, the horseradish tree family, is a conserved Brassicales family with one genus, Moringa Adans., of about 13 dry-tropical species native to Africa, Arabia, and India; Moringa oleifera is the widely cultivated drumstick tree.
Morning glory
Morning glory: common name for Convolvulaceae plants, especially Ipomoea vines with funnel-shaped flowers that wilt within hours. Includes sweet potato, hard-seeded dormancy, Mesoamerican ritual use, and many invasive weed species.
Morphology and anatomy of haircap mosses
Haircap mosses (Polytrichaceae) are a moss family whose leaves carry microscopic photosynthetic folds called lamellae, whose capsules open through solid unjointed teeth, and whose stems contain conducting tissue resembling simplified vascular tissue.
Morphology and reproduction of Cycas
Cycas is a genus of about 120 dioecious, palm-like cycads, unique among living cycad genera in bearing loose, leaf-like female megasporophylls rather than compact cones, alongside coralloid nitrogen-fixing roots.
Morus (plant)
Morus (mulberry) is a genus of Moraceae trees, native from Iran to the Kuril Islands and the Americas, whose leaves feed silkworms; 10–17 accepted species, 2n=28, fruits eaten fresh or as jam and wine.
Morus alba
Morus alba, white mulberry (桑), a Moraceae tree native to central China, cultivated for millennia as the obligate feed of Bombyx mori silkworms; medicinal phytochemistry, forage value, and invasive hybridization with Morus rubra.
Morus nigra
Morus nigra, black mulberry (shah-toot), a deciduous Moraceae fruit tree native to western and southwestern Iran, cultivated since antiquity; decosaploid with 308 chromosomes and fruit 1–2.5 cm.
Moss
Moss, or true mosses, is a small non-vascular land plant of the division Bryophyta, one of the three bryophyte phyla, with no flowers or seeds, absorbing water through its leaves and reproducing by spores.
Moss bioreactor
Moss bioreactor: contained photobioreactor culture of Physcomitrella patens protonema for recombinant pharmaceutical proteins, also called moss-made pharmaceuticals; distinguished by homologous-recombination glyco-engineering, 500 L GMP wave reactors, and the phase I Fabry disease drug aGal.
Moss graffiti and moss murals
Moss graffiti and moss murals are artworks made by applying living moss to walls in words or patterns, promoted as an aerosol- and solvent-free alternative to spray paint.
Moss in literature and media
Moss in literature and media covers the use of mosses as symbol and setting in poetry, fiction, film, and nature writing, from Shakespeare to Japanese gardens.
Moss lawn
Moss lawn: a ground cover of mosses used instead of turfgrass, also called a moss garden. Thrives in shade, damp acidic compacted soil; no mowing, spore reproduction, rhizoids, low traffic tolerance.
Moss walls and moss installations in interior design
A preserved moss wall is an interior feature of real moss or lichen treated with glycerin to stay soft without water, light, or maintenance, valued for texture and acoustics.
Mosses as bioindicators of air pollution
Mosses as bioindicators of air pollution describes how mosses absorb airborne metals and nitrogen into their tissue, so chemical analysis records the pollution reaching a site.
Mosses of Great Britain
Mosses of Great Britain: 795 moss species in Britain and Ireland per the 2020 checklist, about two-thirds of Europe's bryophyte flora, mapped in the 2014 Atlas from 2.83 million records, with 59 critically endangered species on the 2023 Red List.
Mountain pine beetle
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), a western North American bark beetle that kills pines via pheromone-coordinated mass attacks and blue-stain fungi; its 2000-2015 outbreak was the largest recorded.
Mountain pine beetle epidemic in British Columbia
The mountain pine beetle epidemic in British Columbia was a bark beetle outbreak from the late 1990s to 2015 that killed most of the province's mature lodgepole pine.
Mucilage
Mucilage: gel-like plant polysaccharide secreted by seed coats, pericarps, and roots; swells into a hydrogel on hydration. Found in over 80 angiosperm families; aids dispersal, germination, and stress protection, and is used in films, coatings, and drug delivery.
Mucuna
Mucuna is a pantropical genus of about 112 accepted liana species in Fabaceae, tribe Phaseoleae, first published in 1763. Known for irritant pod hairs, explosive mammal pollination, floating seeds, and the velvet bean Mucuna pruriens.