360 articles
Thanksgiving dinner
Thanksgiving dinner: the traditional American holiday meal of roast turkey, stuffing, potatoes, cranberries, and pumpkin pie, served the fourth Thursday of November; 2025 AFBF survey cost $55.18 for 10 people, down 5%.
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, formally the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, is India's law vesting individual and community forest rights, including Community Forest Resource rights, in forest-dwelling tribes; nodal ministry is the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
Theobroma grandiflorum
Theobroma grandiflorum, cupuaçu or cupuassu, is an Amazonian Malvaceae fruit tree related to cacao, native from S. Venezuela to N. Bolivia, domesticated from cupuí 5000-8000 years ago, grown for acidic-sweet pulp used in juice and ice cream.
Thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam is a systemic, broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide developed by Novartis Crop Protection and introduced by Syngenta in 1998, used as a seed treatment and foliar spray against sucking pests.
Threshing
Threshing is the post-harvest operation that separates edible grain from the ears, stalks, and husks of harvested crops, done by flail, animals, or threshing machines such as Andrew Meikle's 1786 design.
Threshing machine
A threshing machine is a farm machine that separates grain from the stalks and ears of harvested cereal crops; the first successful design was built by Andrew Meikle in 1786.
Tillage
Tillage: mechanical soil manipulation in farming for weed control, seedbed preparation, and residue incorporation. Ranges from conventional tillage (<15% residue) to no-till; affects erosion, carbon, and yields.
Tomato
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), nightshade subshrub grown for edible berries; domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium in South America, fruit ~100x larger than ancestor, genome sequenced 2012, top producers China and India.
Treaty Oak (Austin, Texas)
Treaty Oak, a 500-year-old southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) in Caldwell Treaty Oak Park, Austin, Texas; last of the 14 Council Oaks, Hall of Fame tree, poisoned with Velpar by Paul Cullen in 1989, one quarter survived.
Tree planting
Tree planting: deliberate establishment of trees by seedlings or seeds for restoration, timber, carbon removal, or urban cooling. Also called afforestation and reforestation; value depends on site, species, survival, and monitoring, and cannot replace emissions cuts.
Tree pruning (horticulture)
Tree pruning is the selective removal of branches from trees and woody plants to control growth, improve fruit yield and quality, and maintain plant health.
Tsukemono (漬物)
Tsukemono (漬物) are Japanese pickles made by salting, fermenting, or steeping vegetables, fruit, or seafood in salt, rice bran, miso, soy sauce, vinegar, sake lees, or koji; over 600 regional varieties exist, from takuan and umeboshi to Nara-zuke and sunki.
United States Forest Service
The United States Forest Service, also known as the US Forest Service, is a federal agency in the Department of Agriculture that manages the national forests, established in 1905.
Vaisakhi (ਵਿਸਾਖੀ)
Vaisakhi (ਵੈਸਾਖੀ), also Baisakhi, is the mid-April Punjabi harvest festival and, since Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa at Anandpur on Vaisakhi 1699, Sikhism's principal festival, marked by Amrit initiation, the Five Ks, langar, and pilgrimages to Nankana Sahib and Panja Sahib.
Van Mahotsav (वन महोत्सव)
Van Mahotsav (वन महोत्सव), the festival of trees, is India's annual week-long tree-planting festival held July 1–7, launched in 1950 by K. M. Munshi, with millions of saplings planted nationwide each monsoon.
Vertical farming
Vertical farming grows crops indoors in stacked layers under artificial light with fully controlled climate, mainly lettuce and microgreens. Yields reach 60–105 kg FW m⁻² y⁻¹ but energy use of 0.08–0.13 kg FW per kWh and 2.9 kg CO₂ per kg drive high costs and recent bankruptcies.
Victoria Medal of Honour
Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH), the Royal Horticultural Society's highest award, established 1897 with Queen Victoria's assent; limited to 63 life-held medals for British horticulturists; recipients include King Charles III and Matthew Biggs.
Vineyard
Vineyard: a trellised planting of grapevines for wine, table fruit, or raisins. World area 7.1 million ha (OIV 2024); site selection, trellising, pruning of 80–90% of growth, irrigation, and climate adaptation define management.
Vishu (വിഷു)
Vishu (വിഷു) is a festival celebrated in Kerala, and as Bisu in parts of Karnataka, marking the solar New Year on the first day of Medam in mid-April.
Viticulture
Viticulture: cultivation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) for wine, table grapes, and dried grapes. Covers the annual growth cycle, rootstock grafting against phylloxera, terroir, canopy and deficit irrigation, and the 7.1-million-hectare world vineyard.
Wattle seed (Acacia longifolia)
Wattle seed (Acacia longifolia), Sydney golden wattle or coast wattle seed, is an edible Australian Acacia seed eaten roasted or steamed, with 22.7% protein and 36% fibre, used in baking, coffee substitutes, and FDA-reviewed as a gin flavoring (GRN 1291).
Weed
Weed: any plant growing where it is not wanted; a context-specific agricultural term, not a botanical category. Distinguished by disturbance tolerance, seed-bank dormancy, and herbicide resistance evolution since 2,4-D (1941).
Wheat leaf rust
Wheat leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina, is the most widely distributed wheat rust, causing chronic yield losses of 10–40% and over 50% in early epidemics; managed through slow-rusting resistance breeding and fungicides.
Wheat production in the United States
Wheat production in the United States is the growing of the country's principal food grain, third among U.S. field crops behind corn and soybeans, at about 2.0 billion bushels in 2025/26.
Winery
Winery: a facility producing wine from grapes via crushing, fermentation, aging, and bottling. Covers winemaking process, US history from Prohibition to all 50 states, stainless-steel innovation, water, energy, wastewater, and tourism.
Winnowing
Winnowing: separating grain from chaff using wind or forced air after threshing. Also called air separation; traditional tossing on threshing floors and modern fan-and-sieve winnowers in combines; measured airspeeds 800–1300 ft/min for paddy.
WOFOST model
WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies) is a mechanistic crop growth simulation model that computes daily crop development, biomass, and yield from weather, soil, and crop data.
Wood waste
Wood waste, also called waste wood, is residual lignocellulosic material from forestry, wood processing, construction and demolition, and discarded wood products. It is reused as particleboard, mulch, biochar, and fuel, with treated wood classed as hazardous.
Xeriscaping
Xeriscaping (xeriscape): water-conserving landscaping coined by Denver Water in 1981 from Greek xeros (dry); seven principles including limited turf, efficient irrigation, mulch; cuts outdoor water use 30-50%.
Yield gap analysis
Yield gap analysis is an agronomic method that quantifies the difference between a crop's potential yield under optimum management and actual farm yields, guiding interventions to close the gap.