72,234 articles
Ranpirnase
Ranpirnase, also known as Onconase or P-30 protein, is a cytotoxic ribonuclease isolated from northern leopard frog eggs and tested as a drug for mesothelioma, later repurposed as an antiviral.
Ransom L. Baldwin
Ransom L. Baldwin (1935–2007) was an American animal scientist at the University of California, Davis, known for building mechanistic computer models of rumen function and lactating dairy cattle metabolism.
Ranula
Ranula: a mucous extravasation pseudocyst of the sublingual gland in the floor of the mouth, from Latin rana (frog). Oral and plunging types; tail sign on imaging; sublingual gland excision gives lowest recurrence.
Ranulfo Romo
Ranulfo Romo Trujillo, born 1954, is a Mexican neuroscientist at UNAM's Instituto de Fisiología Celular known for tracing how neuronal activity becomes perception, memory, and decisions.
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, is an early-diverging eudicot family in Ranunculales with about 49 accepted genera including Ranunculus, Clematis, Aconitum, Delphinium, and Pulsatilla, mostly temperate northern hemisphere herbs used in horticulture and medicine.
Ranunculales
Ranunculales, an order of flowering plants and the sister lineage to all other eudicots, with about 4,500 mainly temperate species in seven APG IV families including Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family.
Ranunculus
Ranunculus (buttercups), largest genus of Ranunculaceae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753; Kew lists 1788 species distributed on all continents, with yellow or white flowers, achenes, and ranunculin-derived protoanemonin toxicity.
Ranunculus bulbosus
Ranunculus bulbosus, the bulbous buttercup, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family that regrows from a bulbous stem base and is native from Morocco across Europe to Central Asia.
Raoul Ė. Benveniste
Raoul Ė. Benveniste is an American virologist at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, known for using endogenous retroviral genes as markers of mammalian evolution.
Raoul Poupon
Raoul Poupon (born 1954) is a French hepatologist at Sorbonne Université and Hôpital Saint-Antoine in Paris who established ursodeoxycholic acid as the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.
Rap1a immunity protein
Rap1a immunity protein (SMA2260) is a Serratia marcescens periplasmic antitoxin that neutralizes the T6SS-delivered peptidoglycan endopeptidase Ssp1; its five-helix dimeric fold was novel, founding the Tai4a immunity protein family.
Rapacuronium
Rapacuronium (ORG 9487, Raplon) was an aminosteroidal nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent approved in the US in 1999 for rapid intubation and withdrawn in 2001 after fatal bronchospasm linked to M2 muscarinic receptor antagonism.
RAPADILINO syndrome
RAPADILINO syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder named for its main features: radial ray defects, absent kneecaps, cleft palate, diarrhea, short stature, and a long slender nose.
Rapana venosa
Rapana venosa, veined rapa whelk, large predatory muricid gastropod native to the Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea; invasive in the Black Sea since 1947, Mediterranean, Chesapeake Bay, and Río de la Plata; preys on bivalves and supports Black Sea export fisheries.
Rapastinel
Rapastinel (GLYX-13), a tetrapeptide NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator developed by Allergan as a rapid antidepressant for major depressive disorder; positive phase 2 results and FDA breakthrough designation, but phase 3 failure and discontinued development.
Rape trauma syndrome
Rape trauma syndrome (RTS), described by Burgess and Holmstrom in 1974, is a cluster of post-rape reactions in acute and reorganization phases; not a DSM-5 diagnosis, contested scientifically and in court.
Rapeseed
Rapeseed (Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), also called colza or canola when low-erucic, is a major oilseed: ~42% oil, second most produced edible oil, meal 36-38% protein, industrial erucic-acid uses.
Rapeseed oil
Rapeseed oil (canola oil, from Canadian oil, low acid) is oil from Brassica napus and related seeds, bred below 2% erucic acid; global production about 37 million metric tons, used for food, feed, and biofuel.
RAPGEF3
RAPGEF3 (EPAC1, cAMP-GEFI) is the human 12q13.11 gene encoding EPAC1, a 923-aa cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1/Rap2 acting independently of PKA.
Raphael Armattoe
Raphael Ernest Grail Armattoe was a Togoland-born physician, poet, and political campaigner who practiced in Derry, developed the Abochi drug, and was nominated for the 1949 Nobel Peace Prize.
Raphael Dolin
Raphael Dolin is an American physician-scientist in clinical virology, Maxwell Finland Professor of Medicine, Emeritus at Harvard Medical School, known for leading HIV and influenza vaccine and antiviral trials.
Raphael E. Cuomo
Raphael E. Cuomo is a biomedical scientist and associate professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine, known for founding the field of survival epidemiology and "Cuomo's Paradox."
Raphael Katzen
Raphael "Ray" Katzen (1915–2009) was an American chemical engineer who founded the ethanol-plant consultancy Raphael Katzen Associates, now KATZEN International, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1996.
Raphael Kopan
Raphael Kopan is an Israeli-born developmental biologist who worked out how the Notch signaling pathway is switched on, leading developmental biology at Cincinnati Children's from 2013.
Raphaël Lépine
Raphaël Lépine (1840–1919) was a French physician and physiologist who held the chair of clinical medicine at Lyon from 1877 to 1910 and studied glycolysis and diabetes.
Raphaela Goldbach‐Mansky
Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky is a German-trained physician-scientist who leads the Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section at NIH, known for discovering DIRA and SAVI and defining NOMID treatment.
Raphanus
Raphanus (radish genus), Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae; includes Raphanus sativus (radish) and R. raphanistrum (wild radish); shown polyphyletic, with sect. Hesperidopsis proposed as genus Quidproquo.
Raphanus raphanistrum
Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish, jointed charlock), a Brassicaceae annual native to Europe through Central Asia and ancestor of the cultivated radish; a major Australian crop weed with widespread multiple herbicide resistance and seeds viable up to 20 years.
Raphidioptera
Raphidioptera (snakeflies) is the smallest order of Neuropterida insects, about 260 species in Raphidiidae and Inocelliidae, defined by an elongate prothorax, long ovipositor, predatory larvae under bark, and a Northern Hemisphere, largely Mesozoic fossil history.
Rapid ALkalinization Factor
Rapid ALkalinization Factor (RALF) peptides are cysteine-rich plant peptide hormones that alkalinize the extracellular space, are perceived by CrRLK1L receptors such as FERONIA, and inhibit root growth while regulating reproduction and stress responses.