72,234 articles
Scaly-foot gastropod
Scaly-foot gastropod (Chrysomallon squamiferum), also sea pangolin or volcano snail: an Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent snail, the only animal with pyrite and greigite iron sulfide armor in scales and shell, IUCN Endangered from deep-sea mining.
Scampi
Scampi is the trade name of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (langoustine, Dublin Bay prawn), a burrowing decapod of European muddy seabeds; landings near 60,000 t, about 300 M€ yearly, assessed by underwater TV burrow counts.
SCAN-B study
SCAN-B (Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast), NCT02306096, is a population-based prospective Swedish breast cancer study started in 2010 in Lund, using RNA sequencing of tumors from over 20,000 enrolled patients, with molecular subtyping clinically implemented in Skåne.
Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study
Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), 1994 Lancet trial of simvastatin in 4,444 Nordic coronary heart disease patients; first statin trial to show 30% lower all-cause mortality versus placebo over 5.4 years.
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is an ophthalmic imaging method that builds a video image of the retina with a scanning laser, using about 1/1000 of the light of conventional ophthalmoscopy.
Scanning Laser Polarimetry
Scanning laser polarimetry (SLP, GDx) is a noninvasive eye imaging method measuring retinal nerve fiber layer thickness via polarization retardation of a 780 nm laser, used mainly for glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring.
Scaphella junonia
Scaphella junonia, the junonia or Juno's volute, is a large western Atlantic volute sea snail from Florida's Gulf coast, with an ivory, mahogany-spotted shell up to about 115 mm, preying on the lettered olive.
Scaphiopus
Scaphiopus (North American spadefoots), a genus of burrowing frogs in Scaphiopodidae erected by Holbrook in 1836; three species, couchii, holbrookii, hurterii, ranging from arid Mexico and the US Southwest to the eastern USA, with rain-triggered breeding and larval periods as short as 8 days.
Scaphiopus holbrookii
Scaphiopus holbrookii, the eastern spadefoot, is a burrowing North American frog in Scaphiopodidae, endemic to the eastern United States, with vertical pupils, hind-foot digging spades, explosive rain-pool breeding, and fast-developing tadpoles.
Scaphirhynchus albus
Scaphirhynchus albus, the pallid sturgeon, is a large North American freshwater sturgeon endemic to the Missouri and lower Mississippi river basins, federally endangered since 1990 and critically endangered per the IUCN.
Scaphites
Scaphites (family Scaphitidae) is a Late Cretaceous heteromorphic ammonite genus with a tightly coiled shell and hook-shaped adult body chamber, an index fossil of the Western Interior Seaway lasting about 45 million years.
Scaphoid bone
The scaphoid bone, also called the hand navicular or os scaphoideum, is a boat-shaped carpal bone on the thumb side of the wrist and the most commonly fractured carpal bone.
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fracture: break of the scaphoid (navicular) carpal bone of the wrist, usually from a fall on an outstretched hand. Most common carpal fracture; poor retrograde blood supply risks nonunion and avascular necrosis; treated by casting or screw fixation.
Scapula
Scapula (shoulder blade): flat triangular pectoral-girdle bone on the upper back; glenoid cavity holds the humeral head, spine ends in the acromion, coracoid anchors muscles, over 10 muscles attach.
Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy: rare genetic disorder with shoulder-girdle and distal leg weakness; genetically heterogeneous, including MYH7-related myopathy, FHL1 X-linked form, and TRPV4-related SPSMA; main differential FSHD.
Scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy
Scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy (SPSMA, neurogenic scapuloperoneal amyotrophy, New England type) is a rare autosomal dominant TRPV4-related motor neuron disease causing scapular and peroneal muscle atrophy, laryngeal palsy, and distal weakness.
Scar
Scar: fibrous tissue replacing skin or organ tissue destroyed by injury, disease, or surgery; forms via inflammation, re-epithelialization, and collagen remodeling; includes hypertrophic and keloid types.
Scar excision
Scar excision, also known as scar revision, is a surgical procedure that cuts out an existing scar and re-closes the wound to produce a finer, better-oriented scar.
Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles, lamellicorn beetles) is a beetle family in Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Scarabaeoidea, including dung beetles (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) and root-feeding pasture pests, with key nutrient-cycling and seed-dispersal roles.
Scarabaeus sacer
Scarabaeus sacer, the sacred scarab beetle, is a large ball-rolling dung beetle of the Scarabaeini, described by Linnaeus in 1758 and the model for Egypt's scarab amulets and god Khepri.
SCARB1
SCARB1 (SR-BI, CLA-1), gene at 12q24.31, encodes the primary HDL cholesterol selective-uptake receptor driving reverse cholesterol transport; also an HCV E2 and SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor; variants raise HDL-C.
SCARB2
SCARB2 (LIMP-2, LMP2) is a human gene on chromosome 4q21.1 encoding a lysosomal membrane protein that traffics beta-glucocerebrosidase, serves as the enterovirus 71 receptor, and causes AMRF syndrome when biallelically mutated.
Scardinius
Scardinius is a genus of ray-finned freshwater fish in the minnow family Leuciscidae, commonly called rudds. It holds ten species, best known for the rudd.
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
Scardinius erythrophthalmus, the rudd, a Eurasian cyprinid minnow native from Western Europe to the Caspian and Aral basins; deep-bodied, red-finned, up to 61.7 cm, introduced to 23 US states via baitfish trade.
Scarecrow
A scarecrow, also known as a tattie bogle or mawkin, is a clothed, straw-filled human figure erected in fields to resemble a farmer and frighten birds from crops.
Scarf osteotomy
The scarf osteotomy is a Z-shaped cut of the first metatarsal bone used to correct hallux valgus, or bunions, with greater correction power than the chevron cut.
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever (scarlatina), toxin-mediated Streptococcus pyogenes infection of children 5-15, marked by sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue, and fever; treated with penicillin, no penicillin resistance reported.
Scarlet macaw
Scarlet macaw (Ara macao), large red-and-blue neotropical parrot from Mexico to South America; IUCN Least Concern but decreasing, CITES Appendix I, national bird of Honduras.
Scarlet tanager
Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea), a Cardinalidae songbird breeding in eastern North American forests and wintering in South America; red-and-black males, 2.6 million population, Least Concern, forest-fragmentation sensitive.
Scarring alopecia
Scarring alopecia (cicatricial alopecia) is a group of inflammatory hair loss disorders, including lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and CCCA, that permanently destroy hair follicles and replace them with scar tissue.