72,234 articles
SCOBY
SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) is the microbial consortium, coined by Len Porzio, that ferments sweetened tea into kombucha; the floating cellulose disc is a pellicle, with fermentation pH 2.5-4.2.
Scolecodont
Scolecodonts are fossilized jaw apparatuses of polychaete annelid worms, acid-resistant microfossils known from the latest Cambrian and common in Ordovician to Devonian strata; distinct from conodonts, they are the main fossil record of jawed polychaetes.
Scolia (wasp)
Scolia (Fabricius, 1775) is a cosmopolitan genus of large scoliid wasps whose larvae parasitize scarab beetle grubs; females paralyze hosts underground, lay vertically oriented eggs, and the genus includes 14 New World species.
Scolia dubia
Scolia dubia, the blue-winged wasp or digger wasp, is a North American scoliid wasp whose larvae parasitize green June beetle and Japanese beetle grubs; adults are 20-25 mm, black with two yellow spots and blue wings.
Scoliidae
Scoliidae, the scoliid or mammoth wasps (Latreille, 1802), a cosmopolitan family of about 560 species in 43 genera of large aculeate wasps whose larvae parasitize scarab beetle grubs and whose adults pollinate flowers.
Scoliosis
Scoliosis, also called spinal curvature, is a lateral spine curve over 10 degrees on X-ray, mostly idiopathic and adolescent-onset, 10 times more common in girls; treated by observation, bracing for 25-45 degree curves, or fusion surgery above 45-50 degrees.
Scolomys
Scolomys (spiny mice) is a genus of two Amazonian sigmodontine rodents, S. melanops and S. ucayalensis, spiny-furred, terrestrial rice rats of terra firme forest in Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil, basal within tribe Oryzomyini.
Scolopale cell
Scolopale cell: glia-like support cell of the insect scolopidium (chordotonal organ), homologous to the thecogen cell; surrounds neuron dendrites, forms actin-rich scolopale rods, seals the K+-rich scolopale space, and secretes the dendritic cap.
Scolopendra
Scolopendra (Linnaeus, 1758) is a genus of large venomous centipedes in Scolopendridae, order Scolopendromorpha; type species S. morsitans. Tropical and subtropical predators with forcipule venom; 14 species in China, 8 in mainland Southeast Asia; S. cingulata is Europe's largest centipede.
Scolopendra gigantea
Scolopendra gigantea, the Amazonian giant centipede (Peruvian giant yellow-leg centipede), is the world's largest centipede (>300 mm) from northern South America and Caribbean islands, known for preying on bats in Venezuelan caves and medically significant venom.
Scolopendra heros
Scolopendra heros, the giant redheaded or giant desert centipede (Girard, 1853), is the largest US centipede, up to 8 inches, orange with black head and tail, ranging across the southern US into Mexico, with a painful but rarely dangerous bite.
Scolopendra subspinipes
Scolopendra subspinipes (Vietnamese centipede) is a large venomous scolopendrid centipede of tropical Asia and Pacific islands; its former subspecies dehaani, japonica, and dawydoffi are now separate species, and its painful bites are medically significant in Hawaii.
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendromorpha is an order of centipedes with 21 or 23 pairs of legs and venomous pincers, found on every continent except Antarctica and including the largest, most medically studied centipedes.
Scolymus
Scolymus (goldenthistle) is a genus of three spiny Asteraceae herbs native from Macaronesia and Europe to Iran and NE. Tropical Africa; S. hispanicus is the edible Spanish salsify, distinct from Cynara scolymus, the globe artichoke.
Scomber colias
Scomber colias (Atlantic chub mackerel, Gmelin 1789) is a Scombridae pelagic fish of warm Atlantic waters, Mediterranean and southern Black Sea; max 55 cm, zooplankton feeder, IUCN Least Concern, distinct from S. japonicus.
Scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus (chub mackerel, Pacific chub mackerel) is a Scombridae fish of subtropical Pacific and Indian Ocean waters, fished heavily by Japan, Korea, and China; Atlantic populations are now classed as Scomber colias.
Scomberesox saurus
Scomberesox saurus, the Atlantic saury (skipper, Makrelenhecht), a slender epipelagic saury of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean; schooling planktivore to 50 cm, depth 0-30 m, IUCN Least Concern, minor commercial and bait use.
Scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel or kingfish, is a large Indo-West Pacific scombrid pelagic predator, a highly commercial, overfished food and game fish, Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Scombridae
Scombridae, the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos, is a family of epipelagic marine fishes in Scombriformes with 15 genera and about 49-55 species, including endothermic tunas and the largest bony fishes.
Scombroid food poisoning
Scombroid food poisoning (histamine fish poisoning, scombrotoxism) is a chemical intoxication from histamine formed by bacterial spoilage of tuna, mackerel, mahi-mahi, and similar fish; it mimics allergy, responds to antihistamines, and is prevented by refrigeration.
Scoparia
Scoparia: two accepted genera share the name, Scoparia L. (Plantaginaceae, 20 tropical American plant species incl. medicinal S. dulcis) and Scoparia Haworth, 1811 (crambid moths, 26 Chinese species); scoparia also a broom-like species epithet.
SCOPE trial (NCT05144100)
SCOPE (NCT05144100) is a Tata Memorial Centre phase II/III randomized trial comparing primary surgery with chemoradiotherapy in 498 stage III-IV HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer patients; registered December 2021, not yet recruiting, outcomes expected June 2031.
Scophthalmus aquosus
The windowpane flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus) is a left-eyed flatfish of the northwest Atlantic, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to northern Florida, named for its nearly translucent body.
Scopolamine
Scopolamine (hyoscine) is a tropane alkaloid muscarinic antagonist from Solanaceae plants, used mainly as the Transderm Scōp patch (FDA-approved 1979, first transdermal patch) to prevent motion sickness and postoperative nausea; side effects include dry mouth, drowsiness, and a 2025 FDA hyperthermia warning.
Scopophobia
Scopophobia (scoptophobia, gaze anxiety) is the morbid fear of being seen or stared at; not a standalone DSM-5-TR diagnosis, it is classified as social anxiety disorder or situational specific phobia and treated with CBT.
Scopulariopsis
Scopulariopsis (Bainier 1907), type species S. brevicaulis, a Microascaceae mold genus of soil and indoor saprobes; hyaline and dematiaceous species, opportunistic human pathogens, notably onychomycosis, with high intrinsic antifungal resistance.
Scorbutic anaemia
Scorbutic anaemia (ICD-11 3A03.2) is anaemia caused by severe vitamin C deficiency in scurvy, usually normocytic or macrocytic, driven by bleeding, folate metabolism disturbance, and hemolysis, cured with vitamin C.
Scorpaena porcus
Scorpaena porcus, the black scorpionfish, a benthic Scorpaenidae fish of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, ambush predator on crustaceans, targeted by Mediterranean coastal fisheries.
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and rockfishes, is a family of mostly marine ray-finned fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas, whose dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines can bear venom glands.
Scorpion
Scorpiones, an arachnid order of over 2400 predatory species with pincers, a venomous tail stinger, and pectine sensory organs; Silurian fossil record, crown group 335–266 Mya.