Life and health

Suleman octuplets

Suleman octuplets, also called the Octomom babies, are the first surviving octuplets, born 2009 in Bellflower, California to Nadya Suleman after Dr. Michael Kamrava transferred 12 embryos, leading to his license revocation.

Sulesomab

Sulesomab (LeukoScan) is a murine Fab' antibody fragment targeting granulocyte NCA-90, labeled with technetium-99m to image suspected osteomyelitis. EU-approved 1997, withdrawn 2018; never FDA-approved.

Oct 20, 2026

Sulfabenzamide

Sulfabenzamide (CAS 127-71-9) is a synthetic sulfonamide antibacterial, FDA approved 1945, that inhibits bacterial dihydropteroate synthase. Used mainly in the discontinued triple-sulfa vaginal cream with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide.

Sulfacarbamide

Sulfacarbamide (sulfanilylurea, Urosulfan), CAS 547-44-4, is a withdrawn sulfonamide anti-infective introduced in the 1940s for bacterial infections; Germany withdrew it in 1992 over a negative benefit/risk ratio.

Sulfacetamide

Sulfacetamide (sodium sulfacetamide, Sodium Sulamyd) is a sulfonamide antibiotic used as a 10% ophthalmic solution for bacterial conjunctivitis and, with sulfur, topically for acne, rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Sulfacytine

Sulfacytine (Renoquid, CAS 17784-12-2) is a short-acting sulfonamide antibiotic, a PABA analog inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase, taken orally for urinary tract infections; FDA approved 1975, now discontinued.

Sulfadiazine

Sulfadiazine is a short-acting sulfonamide antibiotic introduced in 1941 that blocks folic acid synthesis in bacteria and is combined with pyrimethamine as standard therapy for toxoplasmosis.

Sulfadicramide

Sulfadicramide (Irgamid, sulfirgamide; INN sulfadicramidum) is a sulfanilamide sulfonamide anti-infective, CAS 115-68-4, C11H14N2O3S, ATC S01AB03, used as a 15% ophthalmic ointment in some countries.

Sulfadoxine

Sulfadoxine is a long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial and antimalarial drug, synthesized in 1962 by Hoffmann-La Roche and used almost exclusively with pyrimethamine (Fansidar) for malaria chemoprevention in Africa.

Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, sold as Fansidar, is a fixed-dose combination of the antimalarials sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, approved in 1981 and now used mainly to prevent malaria in pregnant women and children.

Sulfaguanidine

Sulfaguanidine (Sulgin, CAS 57-67-0) is a poorly absorbed sulfonamide intestinal antiinfective (ATC A07AB03, DDD 4 g oral) introduced in 1941 for bacillary dysentery, now mostly veterinary, DHPS/PABA-antifolate mechanism.

Sulfalene

Sulfalene (sulfamethopyrazine, Kelfizine) is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic (ATC J01ED02, half-life about 65 h) used for respiratory and urinary infections and, with pyrimethamine as Metakelfin, for falciparum malaria, mainly in the Indian subcontinent.

Sulfamerazine

Sulfamerazine is a sulfonamide antibacterial drug, the monomethyl derivative of sulfadiazine, introduced in 1942 and no longer used in human medicine while retaining limited veterinary uses.

Sulfameter

Sulfameter (sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfametoxydiazine, brand Sulla) is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic, ATC J01ED04, DDD 0.5 g oral, formerly used for urinary tract infections and leprosy; first approved 1966, now discontinued.

Sulfamethizole

Sulfamethizole (Thiosulfil, Urolucosil) is a short-acting sulfonamide antibiotic, CAS 144-82-1, that inhibits bacterial dihydropteroate synthase and was used mainly for urinary tract infections; no longer marketed in the US.

Sulfamethoxazole

Sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic (Bactrim with trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole), inhibits DHPS in bacterial folate synthesis; used for Pneumocystis pneumonia, shigellosis, and urinary tract infections.

Sulfamethoxypyridazine

Sulfamethoxypyridazine (Lederkyn, Kynex, Midicel) is a long-acting sulfanilamide sulfonamide antibiotic, N1-(6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl)sulfanilamide, introduced 1956-1957, half-life 37 h, dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor, now largely withdrawn.

Sulfanilamide

Sulfanilamide is a synthetic sulfonamide antibacterial drug identified in 1935 as the active agent behind the dye Prontosil, and its 1937 toxic elixir formulation killed over 100 people.

Sulfaphenazole

Sulfaphenazole (Orisul, Sulfabid), CAS 526-08-9, is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic, now mainly a selective competitive inhibitor of CYP2C9 (Ki 0.3 µM) used to map CYP2C9 drug metabolism.

Sulfasalazine

Sulfasalazine, also spelled sulphasalazine and sold as Azulfidine, is a DMARD drug used for rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, first synthesized in Sweden in the late 1930s.

Sulfatase enzyme

Sulfatase enzyme (EC 3.1.6.-), also arylsulfatase: sulfate ester hydrolases using a formylglycine catalytic residue made by FGE/SUMF1; four families S1-S4; deficiency causes multiple sulfatase deficiency and other metabolic diseases.

Sulfate adenylyltransferase

Sulfate adenylyltransferase, also called ATP sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4), catalyzes ATP-dependent activation of sulfate to adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS), the first step of sulfate assimilation and PAPS biosynthesis in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals.

Sulfate reduction

Sulfate reduction: microbial conversion of sulfate to sulfide. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction (sulfate respiration) by sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea, e.g. Desulfovibrio, uses sulfate as terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration, driving sulfur and carbon cycling and wastewater bioremediation.

Sulfate-methane transition zone

Sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ), also called sulfate-methane transition: sediment horizon where downward sulfate and upward methane overlap and are consumed by ANME-SRB anaerobic oxidation of methane, typically 1–30 mbsf, filtering marine methane emissions.

Sulfentrazone

Sulfentrazone (Authority, Dismiss) is an aryl triazolinone, group 14 PPO-inhibiting herbicide first US-registered in 1997, used preemergence in soybeans and turf, highly soil-mobile with a 1.5-year aerobic half-life.

Sulfhydryl oxidase

Sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX, Quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase; EC 1.8.3.-) is a FAD-dependent enzyme family oxidizing thiols to disulfides with oxygen, producing H2O2, in secretory-pathway protein folding.

Sulfinpyrazone

Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) is an oral uricosuric drug, a phenylbutazone analog that lowers serum urate in chronic gout by blocking uric acid reabsorption in the kidney.

Sulfiredoxin

Sulfiredoxin (Srx, human gene SRXN1) is an ATP- and Mg2+-dependent enzyme that repairs hyperoxidized typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins by reducing active-site cysteine sulfinic acid, restoring peroxidase activity; discovered in yeast in 2003, regulated by Nrf2 and AP-1, implicated in cancer, Parkinson's disease, and liver disease.

Sulfisomidine

Sulfisomidine (sulfaisodimidine, Elkosin) is a short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial, CAS 515-64-0, formula C12H14N4O2S, ATC J01EB01, studied for urinary tract infections in the 1950s and now withdrawn.