72,234 articles
Cathepsin A
Cathepsin A (lysosomal protective protein, CTSA, EC 3.4.16.5) is a lysosomal serine carboxypeptidase that stabilizes beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase 1; deficiency causes galactosialidosis, and its secreted form degrades vasoactive peptides.
Cathepsin B
Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1, CTSB) is a papain-like lysosomal cysteine protease, one of 11 human cysteine cathepsins, with a unique occluding loop giving dual endo- and exopeptidase activity; implicated in cancer, arthritis, and amyloid disease.
Cathepsin C
Dipeptidyl-peptidase I (DPP-1, cathepsin C, EC 3.4.14.1) is a lysosomal cysteine exopeptidase that activates neutrophil serine proteases; its inhibitor brensocatib (BRINSUPRI) was FDA-approved in 2025 for bronchiectasis.
Cathepsin D
Cathepsin D (CTSD, EC 3.4.23.5) is the most abundant lysosomal aspartic protease, a two-chain enzyme processed from procathepsin D; its complete deficiency causes CLN10 disease, and elevated tumor levels mark poor cancer prognosis.
Cathepsin D-like catalytic domain
Cathepsin D-like catalytic domain (CDD cd05485), pepsin-family aspartic protease domain of cathepsin D and relatives; bilobed beta-sheet fold with Asp-Asp dyad, lysosomal targeting via mannose-6-phosphate, pepstatin-sensitive, linked to CLN10 disease.
Cathepsin E
Cathepsin E (EC 3.4.23.34) is a nonlysosomal intracellular aspartic protease of immune and gastrointestinal cells, involved in MHC class II antigen processing, and studied as a biomarker in pancreatic cancer.
Cathepsin K
Cathepsin K (CTSK, EC 3.4.22.38) is a papain-like lysosomal cysteine protease, mainly in osteoclasts, the only human cathepsin collagenase; its inhibitors for osteoporosis, odanacatib and balicatib, were halted over safety signals.
Cathepsin S
Cathepsin S (CTSS), a lysosomal cysteine protease on human chromosome 1q21, active at neutral pH, degrades the MHC II invariant chain in dendritic cells and B cells and is a drug target.
Catherine Dulac
Catherine Dulac is a French-born molecular neuroscientist at Harvard, an HHMI Investigator since 1997, known for discovering mammalian pheromone receptors and winning the 2021 Breakthrough Prize.
Catherine FitzGerald
Catherine FitzGerald, Irish landscape designer and horticulturist, daughter of the last Knight of Glin; partner in Lutyens & FitzGerald with Mark Lutyens; known for Hillsborough Castle, Glenarm Castle, and Glin Castle gardens; married to actor Dominic West.
Catherine J. Wu
Catherine J. Wu, also known as Catherine Wu, is a Dana-Farber physician-scientist and Harvard professor known for discovering CLL mutations and leading the first personalized neoantigen cancer vaccine trials.
Catherine Karr
Catherine Karr is an American environmental epidemiologist and board-certified pediatrician at the University of Washington, known for research on air pollution and pesticides in children's health.
Catherine M Otto
Catherine Otto is an American cardiologist at the University of Washington School of Medicine, known for research establishing calcific aortic valve disease as an active disease process.
Catherine M. Verfaillie
Catherine M. Verfaillie, born 1957, is a Belgian physician-scientist in stem cell biology who led the Stem Cell Institute at Minnesota and later at KU Leuven.
Catherine M. Wilfert
Catherine M. Wilfert (1936–2020) was an American pediatrician and HIV researcher who led Duke's pediatric infectious diseases division and the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation.
Catherine McDonald
Catherine C. McDonald is an American pediatric nurse scientist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing whose research on adolescent injury, concussion, and driving won the 2025 PECASE award.
Catherine Peckham
Catherine Peckham, also known as Catherine S. Peckham, is a British pediatric epidemiologist and Emeritus Professor at UCL's Institute of Child Health, known for research on infections in pregnancy.
Catherine Reinis Lucey
Catherine Reinis Lucey is an American physician and medical educator, Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost at UCSF since 2023, elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2018.
Catherine Weisz
Catherine Weisz is an American auditory neuroscientist who leads the Section on Neuronal Circuitry at the NIDCD, part of the NIH, and received a 2017 PECASE award.
Catheter
Catheter, from Greek kathienai, a flexible tube for delivering or withdrawing body fluids. Covers urinary, vascular (CVC, PICC, PIVC), and cardiac catheters, their history from antiquity, and infection risks like CAUTI and CLABSI.
Catheter ablation
Catheter ablation (radiofrequency ablation) destroys small areas of heart tissue via catheter to treat arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. First done by Scheinman in 1981; Haissaguerre's 1998 pulmonary vein finding; meta-analyses show reduced mortality versus drugs; pulsed field ablation is the newest energy.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, also known as atrial fibrillation ablation, is a cardiac electrophysiology procedure that uses catheter-delivered energy to electrically isolate the pulmonary veins and suppress AF.
Catheter Obstruction
Catheter obstruction, also called catheter blockage or encrustation, blocks urine flow in indwelling urinary catheters, mainly via Proteus mirabilis crystalline biofilms; affects 40-50% of long-term catheterized patients; saline irrigation shows no benefit.
Catheterization
Catheterization: insertion of a tube into a duct, vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity to inject or withdraw fluids. Covers urinary catheterization from the Ebers papyrus and the Foley catheter, and cardiac catheterization from Forssmann's 1929 self-experiment.
Cathexis
Cathexis (Freud's Besetzung) is the psychoanalytic investment of psychic or libidinal energy in a person, object, or idea; coined by Strachey, with variants hypercathexis, decathexis, and object cathexis.
Cathie Martin
Cathie Martin is a plant scientist and Professor at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, known for the genetically engineered purple tomato and her MBE in 2014.
Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation
Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (cathodal tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that passes a weak direct current through the scalp, conventionally to reduce cortical excitability.
Cathy Mendelsohn
Cathy Mendelsohn is an American molecular biologist and Columbia University professor known for cloning the human poliovirus receptor and studying how vitamin A signaling shapes the urinary tract.
Cation efflux
Cation efflux via the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF, SLC30A/ZnT/MTP) family: ubiquitous Me2+/H+ antiporters exporting Zn, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Mn from cytoplasm; six TMDs plus CTD; linked to diabetes and neurodegeneration.
Cation transporter
Cation transporter: integral membrane protein moving cations such as K+, Na+, and Ca2+ across membranes. Covers Trk/Ktr/HKT, CPA, CDF, and KT-HAK-KUP families, selectivity determinants, and the reclassification of TrkH and KtrB as channels.