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Cavitary myiasis
Cavitary myiasis (ORPHA:165958, ICD-10 B87.8) is a rare parasitic disease in which dipteran fly larvae infest body cavities (aural, nasal, oral, urogenital) and internal organs, prevalent in tropical Africa and America.
Cavolinia tridentata
Cavolinia tridentata (three-tooth cavoline, Leaf Sea Butterfly) is a large shelled pteropod sea snail of warm and temperate oceans, type species of Cavolinia, with nine recognized geographic formae.
Cavoliniidae
Cavoliniidae (Gray, 1850) is a family of shelled, swimming pteropod gastropods, the sea butterflies, with genera Cavolinia, Clio, Diacavolinia, Diacria, Cuvierina, Hyalocylis, and Styliola; thin uncoiled aragonite shells.
Cavotricuspid isthmus ablation
Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation is a catheter procedure that cures typical atrial flutter by creating a line of scar tissue across the right atrial isthmus, with about 91% acute success.
Cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper is a moderately hot Capsicum annuum chili (30,000–50,000 SHU) with slender red pods, dried and ground into a red spice; native to the Americas, rich in vitamins A and C, and source of capsaicin used in topical pain relief.
CB06 (oral TLR8 agonist)
CB06 (development code CB06-036) is an oral small-molecule agonist of Toll-like receptor 8, developed by Shanghai Zhimeng Biopharma for chronic hepatitis B and licensed globally to GSK in December 2022.
CBA/CaJ
CBA/CaJ is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse, a subline of CBA maintained by The Jackson Laboratory, and is the best-characterized good-hearing strain for research on age-related and noise-induced hearing loss.
CBA/H
CBA/H (CBA/Ca, Harwell) is a Harwell-maintained substrain of the CBA inbred laboratory mouse, developed by Strong in 1920 from Bagg albino and DBA crosses, H-2k, used in most British research, and parent of the immunodeficient CBA/N and the CBA/H-T6 translocation line.
CBA/J
CBA/J is an inbred laboratory mouse strain, the Jackson Laboratory (J) substrain of CBA, carrying homozygous Pde6b^rd1 retinal degeneration and H2^k, used in autoimmunity, LLNA sensitization testing, and infectious disease models.
CBA/N
CBA/N (CBA/CaN, CBA/HN) is an inbred mouse strain carrying the X-linked immune deficiency mutation xid in the Btk gene, causing B-cell defects, failed TI-2 antibody responses, and modeling human X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
CBFB
CBFB (core-binding factor subunit beta), gene at 16q22.1 encoding CBFβ, the non-DNA-binding subunit of RUNX transcription factors; disrupted by inv(16)/t(16;16) CBFB::MYH11 fusion causing CBFβ-SMMHC-driven acute myeloid leukemia.
CBLB
CBLB (Cbl proto-oncogene B, Cbl-b, RNF56) is a human gene at 3q13.11 encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase that restrains TCR, BCR, and IgE receptor signaling; loss of function enhances antitumor immunity, and Cbl-b inhibitors such as NX-1607 are immunotherapy drug targets.
CBP-1018, bi-ligand drug conjugate
CBP-1018 (MVB-101), Coherent Biopharma's Bi-XDC bispecific peptide-drug conjugate targeting PSMA and FRalpha with an MMAE payload, in phase I/II trials for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; licensed ex-Greater China to MultiValent Biotherapies for up to about USD 2 billion.
CBR1
CBR1 (carbonyl reductase 1, SDR21C1, Gene ID 873) is a human chromosome 21q22.12 gene encoding a monomeric, NADPH-dependent SDR enzyme that reduces carbonyls, prostaglandin E2, quinones, and anthracycline drugs like doxorubicin to cardiotoxic alcohols; distinct from yeast and plant CBR1 namesakes.
CBT-RR trial
CBT-RR trial (NCT02444065): a randomized trial at Toronto General Hospital testing a four-session CBT intervention to facilitate rapid response to day hospital treatment for bulimia nervosa and purging disorder; 95.7% versus 71.4% rapid response versus motivational interviewing.
CC chemokine receptor 5
CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor binding CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5; it is the coreceptor for R5-tropic HIV-1 entry, and the CCR5Δ32 deletion confers HIV resistance.
CC57BR
CC57BR is a chocolate-coated inbred laboratory mouse strain created by Medvedev in 1943 from a BALB/cN female crossed with a C57BL/N male; known for 22% lung tumors, no spontaneous mammary tumors, high locomotor activity, and the tph2 1473G allele.
CC57W
CC57W is an albino inbred laboratory mouse strain (F79, genotype a, b, c) developed by N. N. Medvedev, related to CC57BR, with no spontaneous mammary tumors but 55% incidence after MMTV introduction, ~15.5-month lifespan, and rising spontaneous leukemia rates.
CCA-adding enzyme
CCA-adding enzyme (ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase) is a template-independent RNA polymerase adding the CCA end to tRNA. Two unrelated classes, archaeal class I and bacterial/eukaryotic class II, share a catalytic core but differ in nucleotide-selection mechanism.
CCAR2
CCAR2 (cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2), also called DBC1 or KIAA1967, is a human gene at 8p21.3 encoding a nuclear protein that inhibits SIRT1 and HDAC3, regulates p53-dependent apoptosis, DNA repair, and splicing, and shows dual tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles.
CCCH-type zinc-finger RNA-binding proteins
CCCH-type zinc-finger RNA-binding proteins recognize diverse RNA elements, including stem-loop structures. The founding member, TTP (ZFP36), uses tandem CCCH zinc fingers to promote mRNA decay.
CCDC115-CDG
CCDC115-CDG (CDG-IIo, CDG2O, MIM 616828) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by CCDC115 variants, causing a Golgi homeostasis defect with infantile hepatosplenomegaly, liver failure, hypotonia, and combined N- and O-glycosylation abnormalities.
CCDC74A
CCDC74A (coiled-coil domain containing 74A), Gene ID 90557, is a human protein-coding gene at 2q21.1 encoding a 378-aa spindle protein that, with its 97.45%-identical paralog CCDC74B, crosslinks K-fiber microtubules for chromosomal alignment; also noted in CRPC expression subgroups.
CCDC88A
CCDC88A (girdin, GIV, APE) is a human gene at 2p16.1 encoding a 220–250 kDa actin-binding GEF for Gαi and GDI for Gαs that enhances Akt signaling; loss causes PEHO-like syndrome, overexpression marks metastatic cancers.
CCHC zinc-knuckle proteins
CCHC zinc-knuckle proteins are RNA-binding proteins built on a short zinc-binding motif, best known from retroviral nucleocapsid proteins, where they package viral RNA genomes and chaperone reverse transcription.
CCL18
CCL18, also called PARC, MIP-4, DC-CK1, or AMAC-1, is a primate-specific CC chemokine from macrophages that attracts T cells, antagonizes CCR3 and GAG-bound chemokines, and serves as a biomarker in Gaucher disease, fibrosis, and cancer.
CCL2
CCL2, also called MCP-1 or SCYA2, is a 13 kDa CC chemokine that recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and NK cells via its receptor CCR2; it drives inflammation, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and cancer metastasis, and is targeted by antibodies such as carlumab and MLN1202.
CCL20
CCL20 (LARC, MIP-3α, Exodus-1) is a human CC chemokine, gene ID 6364 on chromosome 2q33–37, the sole chemokine ligand of CCR6, chemoattracting dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells in immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.
CCL21
CCL21 (SLC, 6Ckine, TCA4, Exodus-2) is a human CC chemokine at 9p13.3 and a CCR7 ligand that attracts T cells and dendritic cells into lymphatics and lymph nodes via its GAG-binding C-terminal tail.
CCL22
CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine, MDC, STCP-1) is a human CC chemokine gene at 16q21 encoding a ligand of CCR4, ACKR2, and ACKR4 that recruits regulatory T cells and shapes allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer immunity.