72,234 articles
CDH2
CDH2 (cadherin 2, N-cadherin, NCAD) is a human protein-coding gene at 18q12.1 encoding a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule essential for neural and cardiac development; definitively linked to ACOGS and ADHD.
CDH5
CDH5, also known as VE-cadherin or CD144, is a human gene encoding the endothelial cadherin that forms junctions between vessel-lining cells and controls vascular permeability.
CDK inhibitor Rum1
Rum1 (p25rum1, rum1+, UniProt P40380) is the 25 kDa CDK inhibitor of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe; it inhibits Cdc2-Cdc13 and Cdc2-Cig2, maintains G1 arrest, and is degraded via SCF-Pop1/Pop2. Not the Aspergillus Rum1 transcription factor or maize rum1.
CDK1
CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1, formerly Cdc2) is the human serine/threonine kinase that, with cyclin B as MPF, drives the G2-M transition; it is the only essential cell-cycle CDK and a cancer drug target.
CDK12
CDK12 (cyclin-dependent kinase 12, aliases CRK7/CRKR/CRKRS), a transcription-associated kinase at 17q12 binding cyclin K; loss of function in ovarian and prostate cancer causes a tandem-duplicator phenotype and impaired DNA repair gene expression.
CDK13-related developmental delay-intellectual disability-facial dysmorphism-congenital heart defects syndrome
CDK13-RD, also called CDK13-related disorder or CHDFIDD (OMIM 617360), is a rare autosomal dominant syndromic intellectual disability from de novo CDK13 variants, with developmental delay, apraxia of speech, facial dysmorphism, and heart defects in about 45%.
CDK2
CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2, gene ID 1017) is a human serine/threonine kinase driving G1/S cell cycle progression with cyclins E and A via Rb phosphorylation; a cancer drug target and contraceptive target, knockout mice healthy but sterile.
CDK4
CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4, Gene ID 1019, 12q14.1) is a human Ser/Thr kinase that with cyclin D phosphorylates Rb to drive G1-S transition; inhibited by palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib in breast cancer.
CDK5
CDK5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5, Cdk5) is an atypical proline-directed serine/threonine kinase activated by p35 or p39, essential for neuronal migration and synaptic plasticity, and linked to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS when converted to hyperactive Cdk5-p25.
CDK8
CDK8 (cyclin-dependent kinase 8, gene ID 1024, 13q12.13) is a nuclear serine-threonine kinase that, with CycC, MED12, and MED13, forms the Mediator kinase module regulating RNA polymerase II transcription; its paralog is CDK19, and dysregulation links it to colorectal cancer and melanoma.
CDK9
CDK9, or cyclin-dependent kinase 9, is a human serine/threonine kinase that catalyzes transcription elongation within the P-TEFb complex, and a major drug target in leukemias and other cancers.
CDKAL1
CDKAL1 (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1) is a human 6p22.3 gene encoding a 579-AA methylthiotransferase that modifies tRNA-Lys(UUU) with ms2t6A37; intronic SNPs are reproducible type 2 diabetes risk loci affecting proinsulin translation.
CDKL5
CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5, formerly STK9) is an X-chromosome gene encoding a serine/threonine kinase; pathogenic variants cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder, an infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy with drug-resistant seizures, visual impairment, and severe developmental delay.
CDKL5-deficiency disorder
CDKL5-deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy from CDKL5 gene variants at Xp22.13, causes infantile-onset treatment-resistant seizures, severe developmental delay, and cortical visual impairment; ganaxolone (Ztalmy) is the first approved treatment.
CDKN1A
CDKN1A (p21, WAF1, CIP1), human gene on 6p21.2 encoding a 164-amino-acid CDK inhibitor; first p53 target gene (1993), mediates p53-dependent G1 arrest, DNA damage response, and context-dependent cancer roles.
CDKN1B
CDKN1B (p27, Kip1) is a human gene at 12p13.1 encoding a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks cyclin E-CDK2 and cyclin D-CDK4 at G1; germline mutations cause MEN4.
CDKN2B
CDKN2B (p15INK4b, INK4B, MTS2) is a human tumor suppressor gene at 9p21.3 encoding a CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor induced by TGF-beta, frequently deleted with CDKN2A in cancers and linked to GWAS traits.
CDKN2B-AS1
CDKN2B-AS1 (ANRIL) is a human long non-coding RNA gene at 9p21.3, antisense to CDKN2B, that silences CDKN2A/B via PRC1/PRC2 and is the strongest genetic susceptibility locus for cardiovascular disease, also linked to diabetes, cancers, and glaucoma.
CDKN2C
CDKN2C, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C, encodes p18INK4c, an INK4-family tumor suppressor at 1p32.3 that inhibits CDK4/CDK6, blocks G1/S transition, and is lost in distinct leiomyosarcoma and pituitary tumors.
cDNA cloning
cDNA cloning is a molecular biology method that copies messenger RNA into complementary DNA, inserted into plasmid or phage vectors so individual genes can be isolated and expressed.
CDNA library
cDNA library: a clone collection of complementary DNA reverse-transcribed from mRNA of a tissue or cell type; contains only expressed, intron-free genes, unlike genomic libraries, for cloning, expression, and sequencing studies.
CDP-archaeol synthase
CDP-archaeol synthase (CarS, EC 2.7.7.67) is an archaeal membrane CTP transferase, gene carS, that activates DGGGP with CTP to form CDP-archaeol, the key precursor of archaeal ether lipid headgroups; structurally homologous to bacterial CdsA despite 12% sequence identity.
CDR1 antisense RNA
CDR1 antisense RNA, also known as CDR1as, is a circular RNA from the X chromosome, highly enriched in brain tissue and carrying more than 70 binding sites for miR-7.
CDR2
CDR2 (cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2), Gene ID 1039, is a 62 kDa human onconeural protein targeted by anti-Yo antibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration; its paralog CDR2L is now considered the major Yo antigen.
CDS trial
Cornea Donor Study (CDS), an NEI-funded US multicenter randomized trial (NCT00006411) testing donor age in penetrating keratoplasty; 1,090 patients at 80 sites showed donor age up to 75 does not affect most graft outcomes.
CDX2
CDX2 (caudal type homeobox 2), a homeobox transcription factor on 13q12.2 governing intestinal differentiation; immunohistochemical marker of colorectal cancer origin and candidate prognostic biomarker in stage II-III colon cancer.
CEACAM1
CEACAM1 (CD66a, biliary glycoprotein) is a human immunoglobulin-superfamily transmembrane adhesion protein on epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells; a coinhibitory immune receptor, pathogen receptor, insulin-clearance regulator, and cancer immunotherapy target (antibody CM24).
CEACAM5
CEACAM5, also called CEA or CD66e, is a GPI-anchored human cell-surface glycoprotein on chromosome 19q13.2, a gastrointestinal cancer biomarker discovered in 1965 and now targeted by antibody-drug conjugates such as tusamitamab ravtansine.
CEACAM6
CEACAM6 (CD66c, NCA) is a GPI-anchored immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion glycoprotein gene on chromosome 19, expressed on neutrophils and colon epithelium, a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli in Crohn's disease and Neisseria, and overexpressed in cancers where it marks poorer survival.
Ceanothus
Ceanothus, known in gardens as California lilac or wild lilac, is a genus of about 55 to 60 North American shrubs with dense blue spring flowers.