Life and health

Cymbopogon

Cymbopogon (lemongrass, citronella grass) is a genus of about 54 aromatic Poaceae grasses native to the Old World tropics, cultivated for essential oils such as citronellal and geraniol with antifungal, repellent, and cosmetic uses.

Cymbopogon citratus

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, lemongrass or West Indian lemongrass, is a tufted aromatic Poaceae grass native to southern India and Sri Lanka (Malesian origin also proposed), rarely flowering in cultivation, with citral-rich essential oil used in cooking, medicine, and perfumery.

Cymbopogon nardus

Cymbopogon nardus, Ceylon citronella or citronella grass, is a perennial Poaceae grass native from South Sudan to South Africa and Indo-China, source of Ceylon-type citronella oil rich in citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol, distinct from Java citronella (C. winterianus).

Cymothoa exigua

Cymothoa exigua, the tongue-eating louse (tongue biter), is a cymothoid isopod that enters fish through the gills, destroys the tongue, and replaces it, the only known parasite to functionally replace a host organ.

Cynanchum

Cynanchum (swallowwort) is a genus of about 250-300 Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae twiners published by Linnaeus in 1753, native from the tropics to temperate Asia, with Madagascar and southern China as diversity centers and many species used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Cynocephalus

Cynocephalus, the Philippine flying lemur or colugo genus (Cynocephalus volans), a gliding Southeast Asian mammal of Dermoptera, sister order to Primates, with comb-like incisors and glides up to 136 m.

Cynodon

Cynodon, a small Poaceae genus of warm-season perennial grasses from southeastern Africa; includes bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), a major forage and turf grass, and triploid hybrids with C. transvaalensis used on lawns and golf courses.

Cynodon dactylon

Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass, couch grass, doob grass) is a C4 stoloniferous perennial grass native to the Old World, widely used as tropical lawn and pasture turf, and invasive in many regions.

Cynoglossum

Cynoglossum (hound's tongues) is a Boraginaceae herb genus, Old World to Australia, about 75-100 species, with barbed glochidiate nutlets and hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; taxonomy recently revised toward a broader circumscription.

Cynoglossum officinale

Cynoglossum officinale, houndstongue or gypsy-flower, is a biennial Boraginaceae herb native from Europe to Siberia and Iran, invasive in North America, with barbed nutlets and pyrrolizidine alkaloids toxic to livestock via contaminated hay.

Cynognathus

Cynognathus, also called Cynognathus crateronotus, is an extinct large carnivorous cynodont therapsid genus named by Seeley in 1895, index fossil of South Africa's Triassic Cynognathus Assemblage Zone and widespread across Gondwana.

Cynometra

Cynometra (syn. Maniltoa) is a pantropical genus of Fabaceae trees and shrubs, about 85–113 accepted species, with pink young leaves, asymmetric leaflets, indehiscent fruits, timber and edible namnam fruit uses.

Cynophobia

Cynophobia, fear of dogs, is a DSM-5-TR specific phobia of the animal type. It arises through conditioning, observational learning, and poor extinction, and is treated mainly with exposure therapy.

Cynopterus

Cynopterus (short-nosed fruit bats), genus of Old World fruit bats (Pteropodidae, Cynopterinae) erected by F. Cuvier in 1824; seven species across South and Southeast Asia, tent-roosting, with C. brachyotis a debated species complex.

Oct 20, 2026

Cynoscion nebulosus

Cynoscion nebulosus, the spotted seatrout or speckled trout, a sciaenid drum fish of western Atlantic estuaries from Cape Cod to the Gulf of Mexico, with black spots, canine teeth, night spawning, and a major recreational fishery.

Cynoscion regalis

Cynoscion regalis, the weakfish, is a marine drum fish of the Atlantic coast of North America, common from New York to North Carolina and named for its fragile mouth.

Oct 20, 2026

Cynosurus

Cynosurus (dog's-tail grass) is a Poaceae genus of about 11 species, type C. cristatus, native from the Azores and Europe to Iran, marked by sterile companion spikelets; a 2024 study splits it into Cynosurus s.s., Falona, and Ciliochloa.

Cynosurus cristatus

Cynosurus cristatus, crested dog's-tail (crested dogstail grass), a tufted perennial Poaceae pasture grass native from the Azores and Europe to northwest Iran, identified by its one-sided comb-like panicle and sterile companion spikelets.

Cynthia Casson Morton

Cynthia Casson Morton, also known as Cynthia C. Morton, is an American human geneticist at Harvard Medical School known for hereditary deafness and uterine fibroids.

Cynthia Elizabeth Dunbar

Cynthia Elizabeth Dunbar, also known as Cynthia E. Dunbar, is an American physician-scientist in hematology who led stem cell research at the NIH for almost four decades.

Cynthia G. Whitney

Cynthia G. Whitney, known as Cyndy Whitney, is a physician and epidemiologist who spent 25 years at the CDC and now leads the CHAMPS child mortality surveillance network.

Cynthia Hawkins

Cynthia E. Hawkins is a Canadian pediatric neuropathologist and molecular geneticist at SickKids in Toronto, known for defining the molecular subgroups of pediatric brain tumors.

Sep 20, 2026

Cynthia Kenyon

Cynthia Jane Kenyon is an American biogerontologist, Vice President of Aging Research at Calico since 2014, known for her 1993 discovery that mutating a single gene doubles worm lifespan.

Cynthia L. Ogden

Cynthia L. Ogden, also known as Cynthia Ogden, is an American epidemiologist at the National Center for Health Statistics who has tracked US obesity for 30 years.

Cynthia L. Sears

Cynthia L. Sears is an American physician-scientist at Johns Hopkins University who studies how intestinal bacteria, especially enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, contribute to colon cancer and how the microbiome shapes cancer immunotherapy.

Cynthia T. McMurray

Cynthia T. McMurray is an American biochemist and neuroscientist known for showing how trinucleotide repeat DNA expands in Huntington disease, first at the Mayo Clinic and later as a senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Sep 20, 2026

Cynthia Wolberger

Cynthia Wolberger is an American structural biologist, professor and director of biophysics at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, known for structural studies of transcriptional regulation and ubiquitin signaling.

CYP11B2

CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase, P450aldo) is a human gene at 8q24.3 encoding the cytochrome P450 enzyme that makes aldosterone in the adrenal zona glomerulosa; mutations cause hypoaldosteronism and familial hyperaldosteronism type I.

CYP17A1

CYP17A1 (P450c17, steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) is a human microsomal cytochrome P450 on chromosome 10q24.32 that catalyzes 17α-hydroxylation and 17,20-lyase reactions, enabling cortisol and androgen synthesis; mutations cause 17OHD, and abiraterone inhibits it in prostate cancer.