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Dried fruit
Dried fruit: fruit dehydrated by sun, dehydrator, freeze-drying, or osmotic methods for shelf stability. Raisins, prunes, dates; concentrated fiber (3.7–9.8 g/100 g), low-to-moderate GI, and ½ cup equals one cup of fruit.
Drilliidae
Drilliidae (Olsson, 1964) is a family of venomous predatory sea snails in superfamily Conoidea, formerly lumped in the polyphyletic "turrids"; synonym Clavidae; about 45 genera including Drillia and Clavus; sandy-substrate marine predators.
Drimia maritima
Drimia maritima, maritime squill or sea onion (syn. Urginea maritima, Scilla maritima), is a Mediterranean bulbous geophyte with toxic bufadienolide glycosides; white squill is medicinal, red squill (scilliroside) a rodenticide.
Drimys
Drimys (canelo, winter's bark) is a genus of seven vessel-less evergreen Winteraceae trees and shrubs native from Mexico to southern South America, described by the Forsters in 1776, with Australasian species split off into Tasmannia.
Drinabant
Drinabant, also known as AVE1625, is an investigational CB1 receptor antagonist developed by Sanofi, tested in phase 2 trials for Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia without approval.
Drinking
Drinking, the consumption of liquids (MeSH D004326), is regulated by thirst, osmoreceptors, and vasopressin; reference intakes are 3.7 L/day (men) and 2.7 L/day (women), and safe drinking-water remains unavailable to 2.1 billion people.
Drisapersen
Drisapersen (PRO051, GSK2402968, Kyndrisa) was a 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide for exon 51 skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy; its phase 3 trial missed its endpoint and the FDA rejected it in 2016.
DRL-17822
DRL-17822 (CAS 898911-09-6) is an oral, selective cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor from Dr. Reddy's Laboratories for dyslipidemia; it raised HDL-C 51-111% in Phase I, reached Phase II (NCT01388816), and was never approved.
Droloxifene
Droloxifene (3-hydroxytamoxifen), a phenolic tamoxifen analogue SERM with 10-60x higher ER affinity and a ~24 h half-life, was inferior to tamoxifen in phase III breast cancer trials and never registered.
Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae, also known as dromaeosaurids, is a family of carnivorous, feathered theropod dinosaurs, close relatives of birds, known for the enlarged sickle claw on each second toe.
Dromaeosaurus
Dromaeosaurus albertensis, type genus of Dromaeosauridae (raptors), a small Late Cretaceous theropod from Alberta known from a 1914 Barnum Brown skull, with a robust skull and an estimated 885 N bite force.
Dromaius
Dromaius (emus) is an Australian genus of large flightless ratite birds; the sole living species, the emu Dromaius novaehollandiae, reaches 1.9 m, numbers 630,000-725,000 (IUCN Least Concern), and extinct dwarf island forms once lived on Tasmania, Kangaroo Island, and King Island.
Dromedary
Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), the one-humped Arabian camel, a domesticated desert livestock species of Africa and the Middle East; single fat-filled hump, tolerates 30% dehydration loss, over 15 million head, feral in Australia.
Drometrizole
Drometrizole (CAS 2440-22-4), also called Mexoryl XL in its trisiloxane form (CAS 155633-54-8), is a benzotriazole UV absorber; the trisiloxane is a photostable broad-spectrum sunscreen filter limited to 15% in the EU and not FDA-approved.
Dromia personata
Dromia personata, the common or sleepy sponge crab (synonym Dromia vulgaris), is a Dromiidae crab of the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic that cuts sponges and ascidians and carries them on its back with modified rear legs.
Dronabinol
Dronabinol, marketed as Marinol, is a synthetic version of THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, approved in 1985 for chemotherapy nausea and in 1992 for AIDS-related weight loss.
DroNc-seq
DroNc-seq is a droplet-based single-nucleus RNA sequencing method that profiles gene expression in thousands of nuclei from frozen or archived tissue, such as post-mortem human brain.
Drone (bee)
Drone (bee): the male honey bee (Apis mellifera), raised from unfertilized haploid eggs, whose sole role is mating with a virgin queen at drone congregation areas; lives about 4–5 weeks, matures sperm by day 20, and dies after mating.
Dronedarone
Dronedarone (Multaq) is a non-iodinated amiodarone analog antiarrhythmic approved in 2009 to reduce AF hospitalization; contraindicated in decompensated heart failure and permanent AF, where it doubles mortality risk.
Drop attack
Drop attack: sudden fall from loss of postural tone without warning, usually without loss of consciousness, with rapid recovery; ICD-11 MB46.3. Causes include cardiovascular, vertebrobasilar, epileptic (atonic seizures), and Tumarkin otolithic crises in Ménière's disease.
DROP study
DROP study (Discharge Recommendations for Older Adults Using Physical Outcome Measure, NCT06903832): observational NUH Singapore study testing Sit to Stand and Gait Speed Tests for physiotherapist discharge planning in hospitalized adults 65+, distinct from the DROP deprescribing trial.
Drop-seq
Drop-seq is a droplet microfluidic single-cell RNA sequencing method introduced in 2015 that co-encapsulates cells with DNA-barcoded beads in nanoliter droplets, profiling thousands of cells at a cost of pennies per cell.
Droplet digital PCR
Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a nucleic acid quantification method that partitions a PCR reaction into thousands of oil droplets, giving absolute DNA counts without standard curves.
Droplet-network synthetic tissues
Droplet-network synthetic tissues are engineered materials built from aqueous droplets acting as cell-like compartments, joined by lipid bilayers that let them communicate chemically and electrically.
Dropropizine
Dropropizine (UCB 1967, Ditustat, Catabex) is a racemic non-opioid peripheral antitussive, ATC R05DB19, C13H20N2O2, sold as the racemate or as the enantiomer levodropropizine; not available in the United States.
Drosera
Drosera, the sundews, is a genus of 260 accepted carnivorous plant species with sticky flypaper traps, cosmopolitan in distribution, sister to Dionaea and Aldrovanda, richest in Australia and Brazil, and long used medicinally.
Drosera cultivars and hybrids
Drosera cultivars and hybrids are named sundew plants: cultivars are registered with the International Carnivorous Plant Society, and hybrids like Drosera × obovata carry botanical names.
Droseraceae
Droseraceae, the sundew family, is a family of carnivorous flowering plants comprising three genera: the sundews (Drosera), the Venus flytrap (Dionaea), and the aquatic waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda).
Drosha
Drosha (DROSHA, RNASEN) is the nuclear RNase III enzyme of the Microprocessor complex with DGCR8 that cleaves pri-miRNA stem loops about 11 bp from the basal junction, releasing ~70-nt pre-miRNAs; mutations link it to Wilms tumor, MDS, and neurodevelopmental syndromes.
Drosophila
Drosophila (vinegar fly genus, over 1600 species, type species D. funebris) is a drosophilid fly genus; D. melanogaster is a premier genetics model with conserved human disease genes, while D. suzukii is a fruit pest.