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Eugenes
Eugenes, the magnificent hummingbirds, is a Trochilidae genus with two species: Rivoli's Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) and Talamanca Hummingbird (Eugenes spectabilis), large montane hummingbirds of Mexico and Central America.
Eugenia
Eugenia, a large genus of Myrtaceae trees and shrubs published by Linnaeus in 1753, has about 1,000–1,205 pantropical species centered in the Neotropics, 4-merous flowers, fused-cotyledon embryos, and edible fruits like pitanga.
Eugenia del Pino
Eugenia del Pino is an Ecuadorian developmental biologist who studied the marsupial frogs of Ecuador for four decades and was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2006.
Eugenia Russinova
Eugenia Russinova, known as Jenny Russinova, is a Bulgarian plant cell biologist and VIB group leader in Ghent, Belgium, since 2006, known for work on brassinosteroid receptors and endocytosis.
Eugenia uniflora
Eugenia uniflora L., the pitanga or Surinam cherry, is a Myrtaceae shrub or small tree native to E. and S. Brazil to S. South America, grown for ribbed edible fruit, invasive in south Florida, IUCN Least Concern.
Eugenic Abortion
Eugenic abortion, also called selective abortion, is abortion performed because of a prenatal finding that the fetus has or is at risk of a disability or genetic condition.
Eugenics in the United States
Eugenics in the United States: movement advocating compulsory sterilization, anti-miscegenation, and immigration restriction; ~60,000 sterilized, Buck v. Bell 1927, influenced Nazi Germany, ended with repeals and reparations.
Eugenio Centanni
Eugenio Centanni (1863–1942) was an Italian general pathologist and immunologist who, with Ezio Savonuzzi, identified the fowl plague virus at Ferrara in 1901, the fourth virus ever discovered.
Eugenio Mercuri
Eugenio Mercuri, born in 1963, is an Italian pediatric neurologist who directs child neuropsychiatry at the Gemelli hospital in Rome and led trials in spinal muscular atrophy.
Eugenio Picano
Eugenio Picano, born in Cassino in 1958, is an Italian cardiologist at the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology in Pisa, known for stress echocardiography and lung ultrasound.
Euglandina rosea
Euglandina rosea, the rosy wolfsnail or cannibal snail, is a predatory land snail (Spiraxidae) native to the southeastern USA that tracks prey and mates by following mucus trails with lip extensions; introduced as a failed biocontrol agent against Achatina fulica, it drove many Pacific island snail extinctions.
Euglena
Euglena, genus of flagellate protists (euglenids) described by Ehrenberg 1830; pellicle of protein strips, secondary green-algal plastids, eyespot and PAC photoreceptor; E. gracilis is the model species used in photosynthesis research, biorefineries, and heavy-metal bioremediation.
Euglenozoa
Euglenozoa is a phylum of single-celled flagellate protists, named in 1981, with four main lineages, euglenids, kinetoplastids, diplonemids, and symbiontids, including Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness.
Euglyphida
Euglyphida, an order of Rhizaria testate amoebae (euglyphids) with self-secreted siliceous plate tests and filopodia; five families including Euglyphidae and Cyphoderiidae; soil and freshwater bioindicators forming protozoic silicon pools.
Eui-Hwan Chung (정의환)
Eui-Hwan Chung (정의환) is a South Korean plant immunologist and associate professor at Korea University in Seoul, known for discoveries about plant immune receptor activation.
Eui‐Cheol Shin
Eui-Cheol Shin (신의철) is a South Korean physician-scientist and immunologist, a professor at KAIST in Daejeon known for work on bystander activation of CD8+ T cells.
Eukaryogenesis
Eukaryogenesis is the evolutionary origin of the eukaryotic cell from archaeal ancestors between 1.8 and 2.7 billion years ago, marked by the endosymbiotic acquisition of an alphaproteobacterium that became the mitochondrion.
Eukaryote
Eukaryote: organism whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; one of the major divisions of life. Mitochondria arose via alphaproteobacterial endosymbiosis; closest living relatives are Asgard archaea.
Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell: the nucleated, compartmentalized cell type of animals, plants, fungi, and protists, defined by a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria, which arose from an alphaproteobacterial endosymbiosis in an archaeal host roughly 1.8 to 2.7 billion years ago.
Eukaryotic Cobalamin Transport
Eukaryotic cobalamin transport: how vitamin B12 is absorbed via IF-cubam, carried by transcobalamin, taken up through CD320, exported from lysosomes by LMBD1-ABCD4, and processed by MMACHC/MMADHC; defects cause cblF, cblJ, and CD320 disorders.
Eukaryotic DNA replication
Eukaryotic DNA replication: cell-cycle-regulated copying of linear chromosomes from many origins (up to 100,000 in humans) during S phase, using ORC/MCM licensing, CMG helicase, pol alpha/delta/epsilon, PCNA, and telomerase.
Eukaryotic initiation factor
Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are the proteins assembling ribosomes, Met-tRNAi, and mRNA at AUG start codons; at least 12 factors including eIF2, eIF4F, eIF3, and eIF5B drive scanning and 80S complex formation.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F, eIF4E-eIF4G-eIF4A) is the heterotrimeric complex that binds the m7G cap of eukaryotic mRNAs and recruits ribosomes; regulated by 4E-BP/mTOR, targeted in cancer, bypassed by IRES and eIF3d mechanisms.
Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit
Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit (eRF3, Sup35/ERF3) is the essential GTPase class-II release factor that, with eRF1, terminates eukaryotic translation via an eRF1·eRF3·GTP ternary complex and links termination to mRNA decay.
Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S), the mRNA-decoding small subunit of the 80S ribosome, made of 18S rRNA and about 32-33 proteins; differs from bacterial 30S in tRNA-dependent mRNA binding and initiation factors.
Eukaryotic transcription
Eukaryotic transcription: DNA-directed RNA synthesis in eukaryotic nuclei by three polymerases, Pol I (rRNA), Pol II (mRNA), Pol III (tRNA), discovered 1969 by Roeder and Rutter, regulated via core promoters, enhancers, pausing, and condensates.
Eukaryotic translation
Eukaryotic translation, protein synthesis on 80S ribosomes in eukaryotic cells, proceeds through initiation (m7G cap recognition, 43S PIC, scanning), elongation (A/P/E sites), and termination at UAG/UAA/UGA stop codons, regulated by eIFs, eEFs, eRFs, and mTOR signaling.
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation
Eukaryotic translation elongation: the ribosome cycle of decoding, peptide bond formation, and translocation driven by eEF1A, eEF1B, eEF2, and eIF5A, adding one amino acid per codon at roughly six residues per second.
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1, encoded by the gene EEF1A1, is a GTP-binding protein that delivers aminoacyl-tRNAs to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
Eukaryotic translation initiation: assembly of an 80S ribosome at an mRNA start codon via cap-dependent scanning or IRES-mediated internal initiation, using eIF factors such as eIF4F and eIF2, regulated by mTOR, MAPK, and stress pathways.