72,234 articles
Exosome complex
Exosome complex: conserved multi-subunit 3'→5' RNA degradation machine; eukaryotic nine-subunit catalytically inert core with Rrp44/Rrp6 nucleases, phosphorolytic archaeal exosome, bacterial PNPase counterpart.
Exosome therapy
Exosome therapy administers nanosized vesicles, usually from mesenchymal stromal cells, to deliver regenerative proteins and microRNAs to injured tissue; none is approved as of 2026.
Exosome-based drug delivery
Exosome-based drug delivery uses exosomes, nanosized vesicles secreted by most cells, as natural carriers of drugs and nucleic acids, with low toxicity and inherent targeting.
Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery
Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery uses exosomes, nano-sized vesicles cells naturally release, to deliver small interfering RNA into target cells, with advantages in biocompatibility, low toxicity, and crossing barriers like the brain.
Exostosin-like
Exostosin-like (EXTL1, EXTL2, EXTL3) proteins are the EXT-like branch of the five-member exostosin glycosyltransferase family that initiates, elongates, and regulates heparan sulfate biosynthesis; unlike EXT1/EXT2 they are not linked to hereditary multiple osteochondromas.
Exostosis
An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is a benign outgrowth of bone on its external surface, most commonly the cartilage-capped osteochondroma, the most common benign bone tumor.
Exostosis of external auditory canal
Exostosis of the external auditory canal, or surfer's ear, is a benign broad-based bony growth of the deep ear canal caused by repeated cold water and wind exposure, typically bilateral and common in surfers, treated surgically only when severe.
Exostosis of jaw
Exostosis of jaw (ICD-11 DA06.2), also called buccal exostosis, torus palatinus, or torus mandibularis: benign non-pathologic bony overgrowths of the maxilla or mandible, common, often bilateral, surgically removed only when function is affected.
Exostosis of orbit
Exostosis of orbit (眼窩外骨腫), ICD-11 9A24.4, is a benign bony outgrowth of the orbital walls, a bony deformity distinguished from orbital osteoma and other fibro-osseous lesions.
Exotic pet
An exotic pet, also called a novelty pet, is a wild, non-domesticated animal kept in a private household, ranging from parakeets and goldfish to ball pythons and tigers.
Exotic Shorthair
Exotic Shorthair (Exotic), a man-made cat breed created in 1950s America from Persian and American Shorthair crosses, recognized by CFA in 1966; a short-haired, plush-coated Persian with the same head, body type, colors, and PKD health risks.
Exotropia
Exotropia, also called wall-eye, is an outward-turning eye misalignment (strabismus). Most common form is intermittent exotropia (75-90% of cases, ~1% prevalence); treated with patching, overminus lenses, or eye muscle surgery.
Expanded Activated Lymphocytes (EAL)
Expanded Activated Lymphocytes (EAL, 扩增活化的淋巴细胞, 爱可仑赛注射液) is Beijing Yongtai's autologous non-gene-modified CIK-type T-cell immunotherapy for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after resection; CDE breakthrough therapy 2023, conditional marketing application accepted 2025.
Expanded carrier screening
Expanded carrier screening is a genetic test offered to prospective parents, ideally before conception, that detects carrier status for dozens to hundreds of recessive and X-linked conditions at once.
Expanded Disability Status Scale
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a clinical rating scale quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis, scoring from 0 to 10 in 0.5 steps.
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), USDA/NIFA nutrition education program begun 1969, run by 76 Land-Grant Universities for low-income families and youth, with peer educators, four core areas, and cost-benefit evidence.
Expanded genetic code
Expanded genetic code (genetic code expansion, GCE): engineered orthogonal aaRS/tRNA pairs that site-specifically insert noncanonical amino acids into proteins, first done in E. coli in 2001, now spanning over 200 ncAAs, quadruplet codons, unnatural base pairs, and recoded genomes.
Expansion microscopy
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a sample preparation method that embeds fixed cells and tissues in a swellable polymer gel, enlarging them so nanoscale structures become resolvable on conventional microscopes. It was first published in 2015.
Expansion of orbit
Expansion of orbit (ICD-11 9A24.1, 眼窩開大) is an increase in bony orbital cavity volume, seen pathologically in silent sinus syndrome and trauma causing enophthalmos, and induced surgically by orbital decompression or tissue expanders.
Expansion sequencing
Expansion sequencing (ExSeq) is an imaging method that physically expands preserved tissue in a swellable hydrogel before in situ sequencing, mapping RNA transcripts at nanoscale resolution.
Expectant management
Expectant management, also known as watchful waiting or conservative management, is a clinical approach in which a condition is monitored without immediate treatment to see if it resolves naturally.
Expedited partner therapy
Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is the practice of treating the sex partners of patients with chlamydia or gonorrhea by giving the patient medication or prescriptions for the partners without examining them.
Experimental animals
Experimental animals: English-language peer-reviewed journal of the Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science (JALAS), Tokyo; quarterly, open access on J-STAGE, online-only since 2020, MEDLINE-indexed since 1995.
Experimental dermatology
Experimental Dermatology (Exp Dermatol, ISSN 1600-0625), Wiley journal founded 1992 in Denmark, official journal of the ADF; monthly, editor Akimichi Morita, 2025 impact factor about 3.1-3.4.
Experimental evolution
Experimental evolution is a method in which populations of organisms are propagated under defined, reproducible conditions across many generations, so adaptation is observed directly rather than inferred from history.
Experimental Implants
Experimental implants (MeSH: Implants, Experimental, D020007) are artificial substitutes for body parts inserted into organisms during experimental studies, spanning neural, spinal, and dental devices tested under FDA IDE rules, with post-trial maintenance and explantation as key ethical issues.
Experimental systems and methods for archaeal rhodopsins
Experimental systems for archaeal rhodopsins center on Halobacterium salinarum and Natronomonas pharaonis, transformed by PEG-mediated spheroplast methods and studied through flash photolysis spectroscopy and in meso crystallography of bacteriorhodopsin.
Expiratory muscle strength training
Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a rehabilitation technique in which patients exhale against a handheld pressure device to strengthen cough, swallowing, and breathing muscles.
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the maximal air exhaled from functional residual capacity to residual volume; one of four lung volumes, spirometry-measured, and reduced earliest and most markedly in obesity, supine posture, and pregnancy.
Explant culture
Explant culture is a cell culture method in which a tissue fragment is placed in growth medium, either to derive primary cells or to preserve tissue architecture.