72,234 articles
Female hysteria
Female hysteria, from Greek hystera (uterus), was a diagnosis applied to women for over two millennia, attributed to a wandering womb, treated with rest cures and surgery, reframed by Charcot and Freud, and removed from the DSM in 1980; the vibrator-treatment narrative is disputed.
Female pelvic pain
Female pelvic pain, ICD-11 GA34.2, is pelvic pain in women linked to internal genital organs or the menstrual cycle; subtypes cyclic and noncyclic; chronic form lasts over three months; causes include endometriosis and PID.
Female reproductive system
Female reproductive system: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina; produces oocytes and sex hormones, runs the menstrual cycle via GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone, and supports pregnancy from menarche (~13 years) to menopause (median 51 years).
Female sperm
Female sperm is an informal term for X-bearing sperm that produce female offspring, or a hypothetical gamete from a female's cells enabling two females to have offspring.
Female urinal
Female urinal: fixed or hand-held device letting women urinate standing or squatting, also called She-Pee, Lapee, or PEEQUAL units. Used at festivals, schools, and hospitals; urinals are 6x faster than toilet carts, cutting women's 34x-longer queues.
Feminine hygiene
Feminine hygiene covers menstrual products (pads, tampons, cups, discs) and vulvovaginal care practices. Key facts: 2.1 billion menstruate, 500 million lack materials, douching raises infection risks, cups cut waste and cost.
Feminizing hormone therapy
Feminizing hormone therapy combines 17-beta estradiol with antiandrogens such as spironolactone to develop female secondary sex characteristics and suppress testosterone in transgender women, with VTE risk shaping formulation choice.
FeMoco
FeMoco (FeMo-co, iron-molybdenum cofactor) is the [MoFe7S9C]-homocitrate metal-sulfur cluster active site of molybdenum nitrogenase, containing an unprecedented central carbide, where N2 is reduced to ammonia in an eight-electron cycle.
Femoral artery
Femoral artery (Arteria femoralis): main thigh artery, continuation of the external iliac artery under the inguinal ligament, becoming the popliteal artery at the adductor hiatus; largest branch profunda femoris; key site for catheterization and PAD.
Femoral hernia
Femoral hernia: bowel or fat protruding through the femoral canal in the groin; rare (2-4% of groin hernias), more common in older women, high strangulation risk, usually repaired surgically with mesh or sutures.
Femoral nerve
The femoral nerve is a large lower limb nerve arising from the L2, L3, and L4 lumbar plexus roots and supplying the anterior thigh muscles.
Femoral triangle
Femoral triangle (Scarpa's triangle, trigonum femorale): wedge-shaped space in the superomedial thigh bounded by inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus; contains femoral nerve, artery, vein, canal (NAVEL); site for pulse, vascular access, hernias.
Femoral vein
Femoral vein (vena femoralis), formerly misnamed superficial femoral vein: the deep thigh vein continuing the popliteal vein through the adductor hiatus to become the external iliac vein; drains the lower limb, has one to six valves, and is a standard catheter access site.
Femoral-facial syndrome
Femoral-facial syndrome, also called femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder combining underdeveloped or absent femurs with distinctive facial features, often linked to maternal diabetes.
Femoroacetabular impingement
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI, FAI syndrome): hip condition with cam, pincer, or combined extra bone causing abnormal joint contact, pain, labral and cartilage damage, and early osteoarthritis risk.
Femoropopliteal bypass
Femoropopliteal bypass is a vascular operation that restores blood flow to the leg by grafting a conduit, preferably the great saphenous vein, around blocked arteries.
Femur
Femur (thigh bone, os femoris): the longest, heaviest, strongest human bone, running hip to knee; ~128-degree neck-shaft angle, endochondral ossification from week 7, over 300,000 US hip fractures yearly.
Femur-fibula-ulna complex
Femur-fibula-ulna complex (FFU complex, femur-fibula-ulna syndrome, OMIM 228200) is a rare, sporadic, non-lethal congenital limb malformation with asymmetric hypoplasia or absence of the femur, fibula, and/or ulna; right side and upper limbs more often affected.
FEN 560
FEN 560 is the EU code for fenugreek seed powder (Trigonella foenum-graecum), a plant protection active substance approved only as an elicitor of crop self-defence mechanisms, included in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC from 1 November 2010.
Fen‐Biao Gao
Fen-Biao Gao is a neuroscientist who is Professor of RNA Therapeutics and founding director of the Frontotemporal Dementia Research Center at UMass Chan Medical School, studying frontotemporal dementia and ALS.
Fenamidone
Fenamidone (CAS 161326-34-7), an imidazolinone QoI fungicide, FRAC Group 11, inhibiting cytochrome bc1; EU approval not renewed in 2018; resistance via G143A.
Fenaminosulf
Fenaminosulf (Dexon, BAY 5027, CAS 140-56-7) is a sodium diazosulfonate fungicide introduced in 1960 against Pythium, Aphanomyces, and Phytophthora; it inhibits mitochondrial complex I, is not EU-approved, and is cancelled in the US.
Fenamiphos
Fenamiphos (Nemacur, Bay 68138), CAS 22224-92-6, is a systemic organophosphate nematicide-insecticide inhibiting acetylcholinesterase; WHO class Ib, withdrawn in the US (2003), EU (2020), and restricted in Australia.
Fenarimol
Fenarimol (CAS 60168-88-9), a pyrimidine DMI fungicide inhibiting CYP51/ergosterol biosynthesis; persistent in soil, withdrawn in the EU and UK, classified as an endocrine disruptor by EFSA in 2023.
Fenazaflor
Fenazaflor (Lovozal, Tarzol, CAS 14255-88-0) is an obsolete benzimidazole acaricide introduced circa 1967 to control spider mites on apples and pears; it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation after hydrolysis to DTFB and is not approved in the EU.
Fenazaquin
Fenazaquin is a quinazoline-class acaricide and miticide that controls spider mites and other crop pests by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, sold as Magister SC and Magus SC.
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole, sold as Panacur and Safe-Guard, is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic used in veterinary medicine to treat roundworms in livestock and pets; it is not approved for human use.
Fenbuconazole
Fenbuconazole (CAS 114369-43-6, RH-7592, Indar, Enable) is a systemic triazole DMI (FRAC 3) fungicide controlling scab, rust, mildew, and leaf spot on cereals and fruit; EU approval expired, still used in the US.
Fenbutatin oxide
Fenbutatin oxide (Vendex, Torque) is an organotin acaricide, CAS 13356-08-6, inhibiting mitochondrial ATP synthase (group 12B) to control spider mites; registered in the US since 1974, no longer authorised in the EU.
Fenchlorphos
Fenchlorphos (ronnel, CAS 299-84-3), an organophosphate insecticide and the first animal systemic insecticide, used against livestock ectoparasites; weak cholinesterase inhibitor, cancelled in the US in 1991 and not EU-approved.