72,234 articles
Fish gill
Fish gill: the respiratory organ of water-breathing fishes, also called branchia. Countercurrent lamellar exchange gives 50–90% oxygen extraction, above mammalian lungs, and the gill also handles ion regulation, acid–base balance, and ammonia excretion.
Fish hatchery
Fish hatchery: facility for artificial fish propagation, also called fish seed production station. Raises eggs, fry, and fingerlings for stocking, conservation, or farm supply; ranges from pond complexes to recirculating aquaculture systems.
Fish kill
Fish kill: mass death of fish or aquatic animals over a short period, also called fish die-off. Most often caused by low dissolved oxygen, algal blooms, toxins, pollution, disease, or gas bubble disease.
Fish locomotion
Fish locomotion: how fishes swim via body-caudal fin (BCF) or median-paired fin (MPF) propulsion, axial muscle power, vortex wakes, and body-shape effects on performance.
Fish meal
Fish meal is a protein-rich powder made by cooking, pressing, and drying fish or fish waste, mostly anchoveta, and used chiefly in feed for poultry, pigs, and farmed fish.
Fish migration
Fish migration: regular seasonal movements of fish between feeding and spawning habitats, including anadromy and catadromy; studied by acoustic and radio telemetry, threatened by dams, with migratory freshwater fish down 81% since 1970.
Fish oil
Fish oil, pressed from small pelagic fish like Peruvian anchoveta or from fish by-products, is rich in omega-3 EPA and DHA; about 73% goes to aquaculture feed, 16% to human supplements, with mixed cardiovascular trial evidence.
Fish ponds
Fish ponds: natural or artificial basins for breeding and rearing fish, the earliest form of aquaculture (Yin Dynasty China, Fan Li's Classic of Fish Culture, c. 475 B.C.) and the dominant finfish production system, ranging from extensive to intensive.
Fish Products
Fish Products: food and feed products manufactured from fish, including fish flour, fish meal, and fish oil. About 89% of production feeds humans; most fishmeal and fish oil go to aquaculture feed.
Fish reproduction
Fish reproduction covers spawning, sex change, and parental care in fishes; teleosts are the only vertebrates with sequential hermaphroditism (72% protogynous), and temperature strongly affects reproduction.
Fish scale
Fish scale: dermal, mineralized collagen-hydroxyapatite plates (cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid, cosmoid) overlapping on fish skin for protection; also used for fish aging and as biomimetic models for armor, sensors, and antifouling surfaces.
Fish slaughter
Fish slaughter: killing of farmed and wild-caught fish for food, via percussive, electrical, spiking (ikejime), CO2, or ice-slurry methods; most farmed fish are not stunned, and method choice drives both welfare and meat quality.
Fish stock
A fish stock is a group of fish of one species in a geographic area that interbreed, treated as a unit for assessment and catch limits.
Fisher (animal)
Fisher (Pekania pennanti), formerly Martes pennanti, a North American mustelid of boreal and temperate forests; eats hares and porcupines, not fish; delayed implantation; secure globally (G5) but endangered in Washington and listed for the Southern Sierra Nevada DPS.
Fisheries Act (Canada)
Fisheries Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. F-14), Canada's main federal fisheries statute since 1868, modernized by Bill C-68 in 2019; prohibits death of fish and habitat destruction (HADD) except by DFO authorization, and mandates stock rebuilding.
Fisheries and Maritime Museum (Esbjerg)
The Fisheries and Maritime Museum (Danish: Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseet) is a fisheries and seafaring museum with a saltwater aquarium and sealarium in Esbjerg, Denmark, opened in 1968.
Fisheries crime
Fisheries crime: criminal activity tied to the fishing industry, spanning illegal fishing, value-chain offenses like document fraud and corruption, and trafficking. Not equated to IUU fishing; costs up to $50 billion annually.
Fisheries management
Fisheries management is the process of collecting data, planning, and enforcing rules that regulate fishing to keep stocks productive long term, balancing biological, ecological, economic, and social objectives.
Fisheries management in New Zealand
Fisheries management in New Zealand is administered by the Ministry for Primary Industries under the Fisheries Act 1996, centered on the Quota Management System introduced in 1986.
Fisheries ministries and agencies
Fisheries ministries and agencies are the government bodies that make and apply fishing policy, handling research, regulation, vessel registration, and licenses; some countries embed fisheries in agriculture ministries, others give it a standalone ministry.
Fisheries ministries and departments of Asia
Fisheries ministries and departments of Asia surveys national fisheries authorities in China, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Taiwan, comparing standalone ministries with departments inside agriculture ministries.
Fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance
Fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) is the compliance system for fishery management, using VMS, AIS, observers, inspections, and port state measures to enforce rules and combat IUU fishing.
Fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance in West Africa
Fisheries monitoring, control, and surveillance in West Africa is the regional system for fighting illegal fishing, which costs coastal states from Mauritania to Nigeria about $2.3 billion a year.
Fisheries Museum
A fisheries museum is a museum dedicated to fishing: its industry, gear, vessels, and communities, sometimes specializing in products like tuna or salt, and often paired with aquariums.
Fisheries observer
Fisheries observer: trained biological technician deployed on commercial fishing vessels and at plants to independently record catch, discards, and protected species bycatch; 891 U.S. observers cover 53 fisheries, with observer effect bias and electronic monitoring as the main alternative.
Fisheries research vessel
A fisheries research vessel is a ship purpose-built or converted for fisheries science at sea, chiefly acoustic and trawl surveys estimating fish stocks, plus fishery oceanography.
Fisheries subsidy
Fisheries subsidy: government action or inaction altering fishing-industry profits, from fuel tax breaks to vessel grants. Estimated at USD 35.4 billion globally in 2018; disciplined by the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, in force 15 September 2025.
Fisherman
A fisherman, sometimes called a fisherperson, is a person who catches fish for sale or subsistence from a vessel or shore; over 32,000 fishers die on the job each year.
Fishery
Fishery: harvesting of fish from the wild (capture fishery) or producing fish through aquaculture, defined by target species, area, and gear. Covers fisheries science, management, small-scale fisheries, and global stock status.
Fishing
Fishing: catching fish and aquatic organisms commercially, recreationally, or for subsistence. Wild capture was 91 million tons in 2022; 64.5% of assessed marine stocks are sustainably exploited; aquaculture surpassed wild catch in 2022.