72,234 articles
Fraser fir
Fraser fir, also called she-balsam, is an evergreen conifer native to high elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains and a leading North American Christmas tree species.
Fraser syndrome
Fraser syndrome (cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation disorder caused by FRAS1, FREM2, or GRIP1 variants, featuring cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and urogenital anomalies; distinct from WT1-related Frasier syndrome.
Frasier syndrome
Frasier syndrome (FS, OMIM 136680) is a rare WT1 intron 9 splice-site disorder causing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, and high gonadoblastoma risk, distinct from Denys-Drash syndrome.
Frataxin
Frataxin, encoded by FXN, is a conserved 18 kDa mitochondrial protein that delivers iron for iron-sulfur cluster assembly; its deficiency from a GAA repeat expansion causes Friedreich's ataxia.
Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation
Fraternal birth order effect (FBOE): each older brother raises a man's odds of homosexuality by about 33%, attributed to the maternal immune hypothesis (H-Y antigens); pooled OBOR 1.47, challenged in 2023 as a statistical artefact.
Frauke Melchior
Frauke Melchior is a German biochemist and molecular cell biologist who became Rector of Heidelberg University in 2023, known for work placing SUMO protein modification at the nuclear pore.
Frauke Zipp
Frauke Zipp is a German neurologist and neuroimmunologist, professor and director of neurology at University Medical Center Mainz since 2009, known for multiple sclerosis research.
FRAX
FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) is a computer algorithm estimating 10-year fracture probability from clinical risk factors, launched in 2008 at the University of Sheffield.
Fraxinus
Fraxinus (ash), genus of about 43 Oleaceae tree species of the Northern Hemisphere with pinnate leaves and winged samara fruits; threatened by ash dieback and emerald ash borer, valued for elastic timber.
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, white ash or American white ash, is an eastern North American hardwood tree prized for shock-resistant timber used in baseball bats and tool handles; now critically endangered from emerald ash borer.
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, common or European ash, a large European deciduous timber tree in Oleaceae, native Europe to Iran, IUCN Near Threatened due to ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) and threatened by emerald ash borer.
Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus (manna ash, flowering ash) is a Mediterranean deciduous ash tree grown in Sicily and Calabria for manna, a mannitol-rich sweet bark exudate used as a mild laxative; IUCN Least Concern.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, green ash (also red ash), a dioecious North American ash tree of floodplains and urban plantings, 50-70 ft tall, now Critically Endangered from emerald ash borer.
Freckle
Freckle (ephelis, ephelides): small brown macule on sun-exposed skin that darkens in summer and fades in winter, caused by uneven MC1R-linked melanin production; distinct from lentigines and moles, and a marker of skin cancer risk.
Fred Chang
Fred Chang is an American cell biologist and professor at the University of California, San Francisco, known for work on cytokinesis and cell shape in fission yeast.
Fred Dyda
Fred Dyda is a structural biologist who leads the Structural Biochemistry Section at NIH's NIDDK in Bethesda, Maryland, and determined the first structure of HIV integrase in 1994.
Fred E. Cohen
Fred E. Cohen, born in 1956, is an American molecular biologist and physician who spent his career at UCSF studying protein folding and prion protein structure, later becoming a biotechnology venture capitalist.
Fred Gilbert Jr.
Fred Ivan Gilbert Jr. (1920–1995) was a Hawaii internist and epidemiologist at Straub Clinic who founded the Pacific Health Research Institute in 1960 and directed it for 32 years.
Fred Gould
Fred Gould is an American entomologist and evolutionary biologist at North Carolina State University, known for work on insect-resistant crops, gene drives, and genetically engineered mosquitoes.
Fred H. Gage
Fred H. Gage, known as Rusty Gage, is an American neuroscientist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, known for demonstrating adult neurogenesis in the human brain.
Fred Heffron
Frederick Lee Heffron Jr. was an American microbiologist known for research on Salmonella pathogenesis and on transposable elements, ending his career at Oregon Health & Science University.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (Fred Hutch), Seattle nonprofit formed April 1, 2022 by merging Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (founded 1975) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; NCI comprehensive cancer center and UW Medicine's cancer program.
Fred J Sigworth
Fred J Sigworth, born Frederick J. Sigworth in 1951, is an American biophysicist who co-developed the patch-clamp technique and spent his faculty career at Yale School of Medicine.
Fred Morady
Fred Morady is an American cardiologist and cardiac electrophysiologist who directed the electrophysiology laboratory at the University of Michigan from 1984 to 2004 and helped shape modern arrhythmia treatment.
Fred Neufeld
Fred Neufeld (1869–1945) was a German bacteriologist who directed the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin from 1917 to 1933 and established pneumococcal serotyping, the Quellung reaction, and the bile solubility test.
Fred Plum
Fred Plum (1924–2010) was an American neurologist who helped coin "persistent vegetative state" and "locked-in syndrome", and wrote The Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma with Jerome Posner.
Fred Poordad
Fred Poordad is an American hepatologist at UT Health San Antonio and the Texas Liver Institute who led pivotal hepatitis C trials, including the 2011 SPRINT-2 boceprevir study.
Fred R. Hirsch
Fred R. Hirsch is a medical oncologist and lung cancer researcher who leads the Center for Thoracic Oncology at Mount Sinai and studies EGFR and PD-L1 biomarkers.
Fred Ramsdell
Frederick J. Ramsdell is an American immunologist who co-won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on peripheral immune tolerance and co-discovered Foxp3.
Fred Rapp
Fred Rapp (1929–2001) was an American virologist who chaired microbiology at Penn State's Hershey Medical Center from 1969 to 1990 and showed that herpes simplex virus type 2 can transform cells malignant.