72,234 articles
Halophile
Halophile: salt-loving microorganism requiring or tolerating high NaCl, found across Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya; classified slight, moderate, or extreme; uses salt-in or salt-out osmoadaptation; industrially valued for halozymes and bioplastics.
Halophyte
Halophyte: salt-tolerant plant surviving at about 200 mM NaCl or more; also called salt-loving plants, contrasted with glycophytes. About 1% of flora; tolerate salt via vacuolar ion compartmentalization, compatible solutes, and salt glands.
Haloprogin
Haloprogin (C9H4Cl3IO, brand Halotex) is a discontinued halogenated phenolic ether topical antifungal, approved 1982, used at 1% twice daily for tinea and cutaneous candidiasis; mechanism unknown, more skin irritation than clotrimazole.
Halorhodopsin
Halorhodopsin (HR), a microbial rhodopsin chloride pump, uses light-absorbing retinal to pump chloride into cells; Natronomonas pharaonis HR (590 nm) is the optogenetic neural silencer, distinct from proton-pumping bacteriorhodopsin.
Halorubrum
Halorubrum is a genus of red-pigmented, extremely halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) with about 40 valid species, dominant in salt lakes and salterns; type species H. saccharovorum, including the Antarctic H. lacusprofundi.
Halosulfuron methyl
Halosulfuron-methyl (CAS 100784-20-1/100785-20-1) is a sulfonylurea, WSSA Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicide for nutsedge and broadleaf weed control in corn, rice, and turf; trade names include Sedgehammer and Permit.
HaloTag
HaloTag is a protein tagging technology in which an engineered 33 kDa bacterial dehalogenase covalently binds chloroalkane ligands, allowing one fusion construct for imaging, purification, and degradation.
Halothane
Halothane (Fluothane), a halogenated hydrocarbon inhalational anesthetic introduced in 1956, C2HBrClF3; removed from the WHO Essential Medicines List in 2025 over hepatotoxicity and greenhouse gas impact, still used in some low-resource settings.
Haloxyfop
Haloxyfop (haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-R methyl ester) is an aryloxyphenoxypropionate, ACCase-inhibiting herbicide controlling grass weeds in broadleaf crops; the R-enantiomer is active, and EU approval ended in 2020.
Haloxylon
Haloxylon (saxaul) is a genus of about 12 Amaranthaceae shrubs and small trees of saline and arid deserts from Spain and North Africa to Central Asia and Mongolia, used for sand fixation, fodder, fuel, and medicine.
Haloxylon ammodendron
Haloxylon ammodendron (saxaul, saxoul), an Amaranthaceae C4 xero-halophytic desert shrub from Iran to Mongolia and N. & W. China; groundwater-dependent phreatophyte, IUCN Least Concern, widely planted for sand fixation and windbreaks.
HALT-C trial
HALT-C (Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis) trial, a US NIH randomized trial testing low-dose maintenance peginterferon in prior interferon nonresponders with advanced hepatitis C fibrosis.
Halteres
Halteres, from the French word for dumbbell, are club-shaped organs of true flies evolved from the hindwings that act as gyroscopes, sensing body rotations and stabilizing flight.
Halvor N. Christensen
Halvor N. Christensen was an American biochemist at the University of Michigan who established that amino acids cross cell membranes through multiple distinct, separately regulated transport systems.
Halysites
Halysites, the chain coral, is an extinct Silurian tabulate coral genus (family Halysitidae) whose oval corallites form chain-like ranks enclosing lacunae, separated by diagnostic tubules; cosmopolitan Silurian reef former tolerant of muddy water.
Ham (chimpanzee)
Ham (July 1957 – January 17, 1983), also known as Ham the Astrochimp, was the first chimpanzee in space, flying Mercury-Redstone 2 on January 31, 1961, before Alan Shepard's flight; later at the National Zoo and North Carolina Zoo.
Ham test
The Ham test, also called the acidified serum lysis test, is a hematology assay for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, developed by Thomas Hale Ham in 1939.
Hamadryas baboon
Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), a savannah baboon of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and southwest Arabia; the only baboon in Arabia, with one-male-unit multilevel society and Late Pleistocene colonization via the southern route.
Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, the witch-hazel family, is a Saxifragales family of trees and shrubs with 27 accepted genera and roughly 100-120 species, woody capsules with ballistic seed dispersal, and an East Asian diversity center; Hamamelis yields witch hazel astringent.
Hamamelis
Hamamelis is a genus of five deciduous shrub species, the witch-hazels, native to eastern North America and East Asia. H. virginiana is the source of medicinal witch hazel.
Hamamelis virginiana
Hamamelis virginiana, known as witch hazel or American witch-hazel, is a North American shrub that flowers in autumn and is the source of witch hazel water.
Hamao Umezawa
Hamao Umezawa (梅澤濱夫, 1914–1986) was a Japanese microbiologist who discovered the antibiotic kanamycin in 1957, effective against streptomycin-resistant tuberculosis, and founded the Institute of Microbial Chemistry in Tokyo.
Hamartoma
A hamartoma is a non-cancerous lesion made of an unusual mixture of cells and tissues normally found at the site where it forms, often discovered incidentally on imaging.
Hamid Rabb
Hamid Rabb is a transplant nephrologist and physician-scientist at Johns Hopkins University, where he directs the Kidney Transplant Program and researches acute kidney injury and inflammation.
Hamida Hammad
Hamida Hammad is a Belgian-based immunologist, senior full professor at Ghent University and VIB-UGent group leader, known for research on dendritic cells and epithelial cells in allergic asthma.
Hamilton Hartridge
Hamilton Hartridge (1886–1976) was a British physiologist and inventor who, with F. J. W. Roughton, introduced the continuous-flow method for measuring rapid chemical reactions in 1923.
Hamilton O. Smith
Hamilton O. Smith (1931–2025) was an American molecular biologist who shared the 1978 Nobel Prize for discovering restriction enzymes and later helped sequence the first cellular genome.
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D, HRSD, HDRS): clinician-administered 21-item depression severity scale by Max Hamilton, 1960, scored on first 17 items; gold standard in trials, remission cutoff ≤7.
Hamiltosporidium
Hamiltosporidium is a genus of microsporidia, obligate intracellular single-celled parasites, proposed in 2010 and 2011, whose two described species, H. tvaerminnensis and H. magnivora, infect Daphnia magna.
Haminoea
Haminoea is a genus of herbivorous bubble snails (Cephalaspidea, Haminoeidae) from Atlantic and Eastern Pacific coasts; 15 accepted species, formerly treated worldwide, now split from Haloa and relatives.