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Hernia
Hernia, especially the inguinal (groin) hernia, is a protrusion of abdominal contents through a wall defect. Affects 27% of men, 3% of women; treated by open or laparoscopic mesh repair or watchful waiting.
Hernia mesh repair
Hernia mesh repair is a surgical technique that reinforces abdominal wall hernia closure with synthetic or biologic mesh, allowing tension-free repair that roughly halves recurrence versus suture repair and is standard for inguinal hernias.
Herniaria
Herniaria (ruptureworts) is a genus of prostrate Caryophyllaceae herbs published by Linnaeus in 1753, type species H. glabra, with about 52 accepted species from Europe to Central Asia and Africa, traditionally used for hernias and kidney stones.
Hernioplasty
Hernioplasty is the surgical repair of a hernia, usually inguinal, in which the abdominal wall defect is reinforced with prosthetic mesh rather than sutured tissue.
Herniorrhaphy
Herniorrhaphy is the surgical repair of a hernia by stitching the defect closed with the patient's own tissue, without mesh, now largely replaced by mesh hernioplasty.
Herniotomy
Herniotomy is a surgical operation in which the hernial sac is excised and ligated at its neck, and it is the standard curative procedure for inguinal hernia in children.
Heroin
Heroin (diacetylmorphine, diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid first synthesized in 1874 by C.R. Wright and marketed by Bayer from 1898 as a cough medicine; now a Schedule I illicit drug, roughly 2-3 times more potent than morphine.
Heron
Heron, family Ardeidae (also egrets and bitterns), Pelecaniformes wading birds of wetlands worldwide; 62 extant species; ambush hunters with specialized S-shaped neck strike; habitat degradation is the main threat.
Herpangina
Herpangina is a contagious childhood viral illness caused by enteroviruses, mainly group A coxsackieviruses, producing fever, sore throat, and small posterior-mouth ulcers; it peaks in summer, resolves within a week, and is treated supportively.
Herpelidae
Herpelidae (African caecilians), family of Gymnophiona with genera Boulengerula and Herpele, 11 species in Sub-Saharan Africa; sister to Chikilidae, defined by Wilkinson et al. 2011 reclassification.
Herpes
Herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus HSV-1 and HSV-2, is a lifelong, treatable but incurable infection causing oral and genital blisters; 3.8 billion people under 50 have HSV-1 and 520 million aged 15–49 have HSV-2, with no licensed vaccine.
Herpes gladiatorum
Herpes gladiatorum (mat herpes, scrum pox) is HSV-1 skin infection spread by skin-to-skin contact in wrestling and rugby; causes clustered vesicles on the head, face, and neck, treated with valacyclovir.
Herpes simplex infections
Herpes simplex infections, caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2, are lifelong latent viral infections causing recurrent oral and genital lesions; treated with acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir but not curable, affecting billions worldwide.
Herpes simplex keratitis
Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK, herpetic keratitis) is HSV-1 corneal infection, a leading infectious cause of blindness. Dendritic epithelial disease heals with trifluridine or acyclovir; stromal disease needs steroids plus antivirals.
Herpes simplex labialis
Herpes simplex labialis (cold sores, fever blisters), recurrent lip lesions from latent HSV-1 reactivation; prodrome, 5-7 day course, triggers, and antiviral treatment evidence.
Herpes simplex meningitis
Herpes simplex meningitis, HSV-2 meningitis, Mollaret's recurrent lymphocytic meningitis: meningeal inflammation from HSV-1/2, mostly HSV-2 after genital herpes; self-limiting, diagnosed by CSF PCR, treated with IV acyclovir.
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2) is a human virus causing oral and genital herpes, establishing lifelong latency in sensory neurons with periodic reactivation; no cure exists, but acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir control symptoms.
Herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE, HSVE): rare HSV-1 brain infection of frontal and temporal lobes, diagnosed by CSF PCR, treated with IV acyclovir for 14–21 days; 70% mortality untreated, epilepsy and disability common in survivors.
Herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis
Herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis (HSK, herpes stromal keratitis) is immune-mediated corneal stromal inflammation after HSV-1 infection, causing scarring and vision loss; treated with tapered topical corticosteroids plus oral antivirals, as established by the HEDS trials.
Herpestes
Herpestes (Illiger, 1811) is a mongoose genus, now paraphyletic: African species remain, nine Asian species moved to Urva. Includes the small Indian mongoose, a major invasive predator on islands.
Herpesviridae
Herpesviridae is a family of enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses (125–241 kbp genomes) of mammals, birds, and reptiles that establish lifelong latency; its eight human members include HSV-1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6–8.
Herpesvirus capsid shell protein 1
Herpesvirus capsid shell protein 1 (InterPro IPR004999, Herpes_1) is the triplex capsid protein TRX1, HSV-1 VP19C encoded by UL38; one copy plus two VP23 form the triplex linking capsomers in the icosahedral capsid.
Herpesvirus thymidine kinase
Herpesvirus thymidine kinase (HSV-1 UL23 TK, EC 2.7.1.21) is a viral enzyme activating acyclovir and ganciclovir; HSV-1 TK has broad substrate specificity, while FHV, CHV, VZV, and HHV-8 TKs are narrower.
Herpesvirus UL97
Herpesvirus UL97 (pUL97) is the human cytomegalovirus serine/threonine protein kinase, prototype of the conserved herpesvirus protein kinases (CHPKs), that activates ganciclovir, drives nuclear capsid egress, mimics cellular Cdks, and is targeted by the approved drug maribavir.
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
Herpetic gingivostomatitis (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, PHGS) is the main symptomatic form of primary HSV-1 infection, causing fever and painful oral ulcers mainly in children aged 6 months to 5 years, self-limiting in 10–14 days.
Herpetic whitlow
Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger, herpetic felon) is a painful HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection of a distal finger or thumb, occasionally a toe. Self-limited in 2-4 weeks, recurs in 30-50%, and must not be incised and drained like paronychia or felon.
Herpetiform pemphigus
Herpetiform pemphigus (pemphigus herpetiformis), named by Jablonska in 1975, is a rare pemphigus variant with itchy dermatitis herpetiformis-like grouped vesicles but pemphigus IgG autoantibodies to desmogleins or desmocollins, minimal acantholysis, and good dapsone response.
Herpetology
Herpetology is the branch of zoology that studies amphibians and reptiles, the ectothermic tetrapods called cold-blooded animals; the name comes from the Greek herpetón, meaning snake or reptile.
Herring
Herring (Clupea harengus, C. pallasii, C. harengus membras): small silvery schooling Clupeidae forage fish of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, historic staple of European fisheries, now managed under stock assessments; Atlantic herring overfished per 2024 assessment.
Herschel L. Roman
Herschel Lewis Roman was an American geneticist who pioneered the use of yeast in genetics and served as founding chair of the genetics department at the University of Washington.