16 articles
Allotropes of carbon
Allotropes of carbon, or carbon allotropes, are the different physical forms of the element carbon, the most common being graphite and diamond, joined after 1985 by fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
Ammonium
Ammonium, also known as the ammonium ion or azanium, is the positively charged NH4+ ion formed when ammonia accepts a proton, and a key nitrogen source in fertilizers.
Buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene, also known as C60 or a buckyball, is a hollow soccer-ball-shaped molecule of 60 carbon atoms discovered at Rice University in 1985 and honored with the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Cobalt
Cobalt (symbol Co, atomic number 27) is a hard, silvery-blue, ferromagnetic transition metal, best known for deep blue pigments used since antiquity and its role in vitamin B12.
Crystal field theory
Crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model that explains the colors and magnetic behavior of transition metal complexes by splitting the metal's d orbitals, formulated by Hans Bethe in 1929.
Group 3 element
Group 3 of the periodic table contains scandium and yttrium, with its lower members disputed: lanthanum and actinium traditionally, or lutetium and lawrencium, and IUPAC found no objective criterion.
Hafnium
Hafnium is a corrosion-resistant transition metal, atomic number 72, discovered in Copenhagen in 1923, known for neutron absorption in nuclear reactor control rods and its oxide in microchips.
Iron
Iron (Fe) is a silvery-gray metal, the most widely used of all metals, the principal constituent of steel, and an essential nutrient for nearly all life.
List of inorganic compounds
The list of inorganic compounds, also called inorganic compounds by element, covers compounds such as salts, oxides, halides, and coordination complexes, named under IUPAC's stoichiometric and additive systems.
Manganese
Manganese (Mn, atomic number 25) is a hard, brittle silvery transition metal isolated in 1774, used mainly in steelmaking and essential to photosynthesis and all known living organisms.
Nickel
Nickel is a silvery-white, ferromagnetic transition metal, element 28 in the periodic table, valued for corrosion resistance and central to stainless steel, superalloys, and lithium-ion battery cathodes.
Spectrochemical series
The spectrochemical series is an empirical ranking of ligands by the ligand field splitting they cause in transition-metal complexes, from iodide (weak field) to cyanide and carbon monoxide (strong field).
Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22, a transition metal as strong as steel but far less dense, best known for aerospace and medical uses.
Transition metal
Transition metals, also called transition elements, are elements with an incomplete d sub-shell, found in the center of the periodic table, with variable oxidation states and colored compounds.
Vanadium
Vanadium is a silvery transition metal with atomic number 23, named for the Norse goddess Vanadis; about 80% of production goes into steel, and it powers vanadium redox flow batteries.
Zirconium
Zirconium, symbol Zr and atomic number 40, is a hard, silvery, corrosion-resistant metal extracted from the mineral zircon and used chiefly as cladding for nuclear fuel.