9 articles
1877–1878 El Niño event
The 1877–1878 El Niño event was a very strong warming of the tropical Pacific that contributed to a global famine killing over 50 million people.
1982–83 El Niño event
The 1982–83 El Niño event was one of the strongest El Niños ever recorded, bringing floods to Peru, drought to Australia, and over $14 billion in losses.
1990–1995 El Niño events
The 1990–1995 El Niño events were a prolonged sequence of warm El Niño episodes in the tropical Pacific, with central Pacific sea surface temperatures elevated from 1990 to June 1995.
1997–98 El Niño event
The 1997–98 El Niño event was a major warming of the eastern and central tropical Pacific, the strongest El Niño on record, persisting from 1997 into 1998.
2010–2012 La Niña event
The 2010–2012 La Niña event was a strong double-peaked La Niña, the cool phase of ENSO, bringing record Australian floods, East African drought, and a 5 mm drop in global sea level.
2014–2016 El Niño event
The 2014–2016 El Niño event was a prolonged Pacific warming whose 2015–16 peak tied 1997–98 as the strongest El Niño on record, affecting over 60 million people.
2023–2024 El Niño event
The 2023–2024 El Niño event was a warming of the equatorial Pacific declared in July 2023, peaking in December 2023 among the five strongest on record.
2026–2027 El Niño event
The 2026–2027 El Niño event is a very strong warming of the equatorial Pacific that developed in 2026, with sea temperatures exceeding the previous 1997 record.
Super El Niño events
Super El Niño events are exceptionally strong El Niños in which central equatorial Pacific sea temperatures reach 2 °C above normal, recorded in 1982/1983, 1997/1998, 2015/2016, and 2026.