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Soil science
Soil science is the study of soils as a natural resource, covering how they form, their classification and mapping, and their physical, chemical, and biological properties.
Soil sealing
Soil sealing is the covering of ground by impermeable materials such as asphalt or concrete, considered a major and nearly irreversible cause of soil degradation in the European Union.
Soil texture
Soil texture, also called soil texture classification, is the relative proportion by weight of sand, silt, and clay in a soil, read on the USDA textural triangle.
Soil type
A soil type is a class of soil defined by properties such as texture, color, and structure, classified in systems like USDA Soil Taxonomy and the WRB.
Soil vapor extraction
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is an in situ remediation technology that applies a vacuum to wells to draw volatile organic compounds out of unsaturated soil for treatment.
Soil water retention curve
The soil water retention curve, or soil water characteristic curve, relates the water a soil holds to its matric potential, a key property for irrigation and drainage design.
Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
The Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) is a NASA institute funding multi-institutional research on the Moon, near-Earth asteroids, and the moons of Mars.
Solar zenith angle
The solar zenith angle is the angle between the Sun and the local vertical (the zenith); it is 0° when the Sun is overhead and 90° at the horizon.
Solaris Resources Inc.
Solaris Resources Inc. is a Canadian copper exploration and development company, spun out of Equinox Gold in 2018, whose flagship asset is the Warintza copper-gold project in southeastern Ecuador.
Solarpunk
Solarpunk is a science fiction subgenre, aesthetic, and social movement envisioning sustainable futures where renewable energy and green technology operate in harmony with nature, rejecting dystopian pessimism.
Solifluction
Solifluction is the slow downslope movement of soil in cold, non-glacial environments, driven by freeze-thaw action in fine-textured soils, a term coined by Johan Gunnar Andersson in 1906.
Soluble reactive phosphorus
Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), also called molybdate reactive phosphorus or dissolved reactive phosphorus, is a filtered phosphorus measurement used in limnology as an estimate of phosphate available to algae.
Somali Jet
The Somali Jet, also called the Findlater Jet, is a strong low-level cross-equatorial wind current near the Somali coast that carries moisture for the South Asian monsoon.
Sonic logging
Sonic logging is a borehole geophysical method that measures the interval transit time of acoustic waves through the rock around a well, used to estimate porosity and elastic moduli.
Soufrière Hills eruption
The Soufrière Hills eruption is the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano on Montserrat, which began in 1995, destroyed Plymouth, and killed at least 19 people.
Sound speed profile
A sound speed profile is a record of how the speed of sound in seawater varies with depth, used in hydrographic surveying to convert acoustic travel times into depths and positions.
Source rock
A source rock is a fine-grained sedimentary rock, typically a shale or mudstone, containing enough organic matter to generate and expel oil or gas when heated by burial.
Source-to-sink analysis
Source-to-sink analysis is a quantitative framework in sedimentary geology that traces sediment from its erosion source through transport pathways to its depositional sink, yielding fluxes and budgets.
South African Weather Service
The South African Weather Service is South Africa's national meteorological service, a public entity established in 2001 that issues severe weather warnings and seasonal climate forecasts from Centurion, Gauteng.
South American Plate
The South American Plate is a major tectonic plate carrying South America and the western South Atlantic floor, with subduction of the Nazca Plate along its western margin.
South American Tornado Alley
South American Tornado Alley, or Pasillo de los Tornados, is the region of southeastern South America spanning Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil most prone to tornadoes outside North America.
South Atlantic Convergence Zone
The South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ; Portuguese: ZCAS) is a persistent band of storms from the Amazon across Brazil to the Atlantic, driving summer rainfall.
South Pacific Convergence Zone
The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is a diagonal band of intense rainfall and deep convection stretching from New Guinea toward French Polynesia, supplying most rainfall to southwest Pacific islands.
South Sandwich Plate
The South Sandwich Plate, also called the Sandwich plate, is a small tectonic plate in the southern Atlantic Ocean carrying the South Sandwich volcanic island arc.
South32
South32 is a globally diversified metals and mining company created in May 2015 through a demerger from BHP Billiton, headquartered in Australia and listed in Australia, London, and Johannesburg.
Southern Annular Mode
The Southern Annular Mode, also called the Antarctic Oscillation, is the leading pattern of Southern Hemisphere climate variability, a north-south shift of the westerly winds circling Antarctica.
Southern California Seismic Network
The Southern California Seismic Network, operated jointly by Caltech and the U.S. Geological Survey, monitors earthquakes across southern California, keeping a continuous catalog of over 1,000,000 events since 1932.
Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons
Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons are the annual cyclone activity periods across three basins, the southwest Indian Ocean, Australian region, and southwest Pacific, producing about 31% of the world's tropical cyclones.
Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling
SOCCOM, the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling project, is a US research program launched in 2014 to observe the Southern Ocean's carbon cycle with profiling floats.
Southern Ocean Time Series
The Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) is an Australian ocean observatory of automated deep-water moorings southwest of Tasmania that has measured air-sea heat and carbon exchange since 1998.