6,052 articles
Metric space
A metric space, also known as metric geometry, is a set with a distance function satisfying symmetry and the triangle inequality, introduced by Fréchet in 1906 and central to convergence and continuity.
Metric temporal logic
Metric temporal logic (MTL) is a formal specification language that extends linear temporal logic with time bounds, letting requirements such as 'every request must be answered within 5 seconds' be checked mechanically.
Metric tensor
A metric tensor is a smoothly varying inner product on the tangent spaces of a manifold that measures lengths, angles, and distances; it underlies Riemannian geometry.
Metrizable space
A metrizable space (metrisability, metrizability) is a topological space whose topology is generated by some metric, so that it is homeomorphic to a metric space.
Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
The Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, also called the Metropolis method, is a Markov chain Monte Carlo method that samples from a probability distribution known only up to a normalizing constant.
Mice (set theory)
In inner model theory, a mouse is an iterable premouse, a canonical fine-structural model introduced by Dodd and Jensen in the 1970s to measure consistency strength.
Michael Dummett
Michael Dummett (1925–2011) was a British philosopher, Wykeham Professor of Logic at Oxford from 1979 to 1992, known for his work on Frege and anti-realism.
Michael Scot
Michael Scot, also known as Michael the Scot, was a Scottish translator and astrologer who served Emperor Frederick II and translated Aristotle from Arabic into Latin.
Micromort
A micromort is a unit of risk equal to a one-in-a-million chance of death, coined by Stanford decision analyst Ronald A. Howard in 1980 for comparing risky activities.
Midrange
The midrange is a location estimator in statistics, the average of a sample's smallest and largest values, quick to compute but suited only to symmetric, outlier-free data.
Mikhael Gromov (mathematician)
Mikhael Gromov, also known as Misha Gromov, is a French-Russian mathematician known for work in Riemannian geometry, symplectic geometry, and geometric group theory, and winner of the 2009 Abel Prize.
Mild solution
A mild solution solves a differential equation, typically a stochastic partial differential equation, through an integral formulation using the semigroup of the leading operator instead of classical derivatives.
Millennium Cohort Study
The Millennium Cohort Study, known to participants as Child of the New Century, is a UK study following about 19,000 people born between 2000 and 2002.
Millennium Prize Problems
The Millennium Prize Problems, also called the Clay Prize problems, are seven central mathematical questions named in 2000, each carrying a $1 million prize from the Clay Mathematics Institute.
Miller–Rabin primality test
The Miller–Rabin primality test is a randomized algorithm deciding whether an odd integer is prime; introduced by Gary Miller in 1976 and made unconditional by Michael Rabin in 1980.
Milnor K-theory
Milnor K-theory is a graded ring K*M(F) attached to a field F, introduced by John Milnor in 1970, with its degree-two part recovering the classical group K2(F).
Milstein method
The Milstein method, also known as the Milstein scheme, is a numerical scheme for approximating solutions of stochastic differential equations, proposed by G. N. Milstein in 1974.
Min-entropy
Min-entropy is an entropy measure defined as the negative base-2 logarithm of the largest probability in a distribution, used by NIST to validate random bit generators.
Min-max theorem
The min-max theorem, usually called the Courant–Fischer theorem, is a linear algebra result stating that every eigenvalue of a Hermitian matrix solves a min-max problem over subspaces using the Rayleigh quotient.
Minimal degree (computability theory)
A minimal degree in computability theory is an incomputable Turing degree with no degree strictly between it and the computable sets, first constructed by Spector in 1956.
Minimal model (physics)
Minimal model, also called Virasoro minimal model, is a two-dimensional conformal field theory with only finitely many primary fields, introduced by Belavin, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov in 1984.
Minimal model program
The minimal model program, also called the Mori program, is a procedure in birational algebraic geometry that classifies projective varieties by replacing them with simpler birational models.
Minimal polynomial (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the minimal polynomial of a matrix or operator is the monic polynomial of least degree that annihilates it, and it divides the characteristic polynomial.
Minimal surface
A minimal surface is a surface with zero mean curvature everywhere, the shape a soap film takes on a wire frame, studied since Euler in 1744.
Minimax estimation
Minimax estimation is a statistical framework that selects estimators by minimizing the worst-case risk over the parameter space, guaranteeing performance even for the least favorable parameter value.
Minimax theorem
The minimax theorem, proved by John von Neumann in 1928, states that in every finite two-person zero-sum game, players using mixed strategies face equal maximin and minimax values.
Minimum covariance determinant
The minimum covariance determinant (MCD) is a robust estimator of multivariate location and scatter, introduced by Peter J. Rousseeuw in 1984, that fits the tightest subset of observations and underlies outlier detection.
Minimum mean square error
Minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation is a Bayesian principle whose optimal estimator is the conditional expectation, or posterior mean, of the unknown given the data.
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is the Government of India ministry for official statistics and program monitoring, established as an independent ministry in 1999.
Minitab
Minitab is a statistical software package for data analysis, quality improvement, and predictive analytics, created in 1972 by three Penn State statistics faculty as a teaching tool.