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22° halo
The 22° halo, also called a sun halo or moon ring, is a ring of light around the sun or moon formed by refraction through hexagonal ice crystals.
Atmospheric refraction
Atmospheric refraction is the bending of light as it passes through Earth's atmosphere, lifting celestial bodies' apparent positions and making the Sun visible at sunrise and sunset while still below the horizon.
Fata Morgana (mirage)
A Fata Morgana is a complex superior mirage, named for Morgan le Fay, in which light bent through layered air distorts distant objects into stacked, changing forms resembling castles.
Halo (optical phenomenon)
A halo, also called an icebow, is an atmospheric optical phenomenon in which ice crystals in high clouds bend sunlight or moonlight into rings, arcs, or pillars.
Horizon
The horizon is the apparent line where the sky seems to meet the ground or sea, a circle centered on the observer whose distance grows with eye height.
Mirage
A mirage is an inverted image of a distant object produced by atmospheric refraction, in which light bends through air layers of changing temperature and density.
Sun dog
A sun dog, or mock sun, is a bright, colored spot of light about 22° to the sun's side, formed by refraction in atmospheric ice crystals.