Earth and climate scientists

Carl Størmer

Carl Størmer (Fredrik Carl Mülertz Størmer, 1874–1957) was a Norwegian mathematician who devoted his career to the aurora borealis and founded the mathematics of charged-particle motion in magnetic fields.

Carl Wunsch

Carl Wunsch is an American physical oceanographer at MIT known for helping invent ocean acoustic tomography and for his work on the global ocean circulation.

Carl-Gustaf Rossby

Carl-Gustaf Rossby was a Swedish-born American meteorologist, born in Stockholm in 1898, who identified Rossby waves and the jet stream and founded meteorology programs at MIT and Chicago.

Carlos A. Nobre

Carlos A. Nobre is a Brazilian earth system scientist known for the hypothesis that deforestation and warming could convert much of the Amazon rainforest into savanna.

Carlos Ibáñez de Ibero

Carlos Ibáñez de Ibero (1825–1891) was a Spanish general and geodesist who founded and directed the Instituto Geográfico y Estadístico and led the International Committee for Weights and Measures.

Casey Brown

Casey Brown is an American water-resources scientist who received a 2006 PECASE award at Columbia University and is now a professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Catherine McCammon

Catherine McCammon is a mineral physicist at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut in Bayreuth, Germany, known for using Mössbauer spectroscopy to study iron in the deep Earth.

Cathy Whitlock

Cathy Whitlock is an American paleoecologist at Montana State University who reconstructs past fire and climate history from lake sediments and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2018.

Cecil Edgar Tilley

Cecil Edgar Tilley (1894–1973) was an Australian-born petrologist and mineralogist, professor of mineralogy and petrology at Cambridge from 1931 to 1961 and a leading figure in metamorphic petrology.

Cecil Eldon Leith

Cecil Eldon Leith, known as Chuck (1923–2016), was an American mathematician and climate scientist who built an early atmospheric general circulation model at Lawrence Livermore.

Celâl Şengör

Celâl Şengör, born in Istanbul in 1955, is a Turkish geologist at Istanbul Technical University known for work on the Tethys ocean and Altaid mountain belts.

Celestine Mercer

Celestine N. Mercer is an American research geologist at the USGS in Denver, Colorado, working in igneous petrology and economic geology and honored with a PECASE award.

Cesare Emiliani

Cesare Emiliani (1922–1995) was a geologist and micropaleontologist who founded paleoceanography by using oxygen isotopes in foraminifera shells from deep-sea cores to reconstruct past ocean temperatures, spending most of his career at the University of Miami.

Champ B. Tanner

Champ B. Tanner (1920–1990) was an American soil physicist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the first soil scientist elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Charles A. Anderson (geologist)

Charles A. Anderson (1902–1990) was an American geologist with the United States Geological Survey who served as chief geologist from 1959 to 1964 and studied ore deposits.

Charles Abiathar White

Charles Abiathar White (1826–1910) was an American geologist and paleontologist who served as Iowa state geologist and with the United States Geological Survey from 1882 to 1892.

Charles Anthony Schott

Charles Anthony Schott (1826–1901) was a German-born American geodesist and terrestrial magnetist who spent 53 years with the US Coast Survey, won the French Academy's Wilde Prize in 1898.

Charles Barrois

Charles Barrois (1851–1939) was a French geologist and paleontologist who spent his career at the University of Lille and mapped much of the geological map of France.

Charles David Keeling

Charles David Keeling (1928–2005) was an American geochemist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography whose Mauna Loa measurements, begun in 1958, produced the iconic Keeling Curve of rising atmospheric CO2.

Charles Doolittle Walcott

Charles Doolittle Walcott (1850–1927) was an American paleontologist who discovered the Burgess Shale fossils in the Canadian Rockies and directed the United States Geological Survey from 1894 to 1907.

Charles E. Kolb

Charles E. Kolb (1945–2020) was an American atmospheric and environmental physical chemist who spent his career at Aerodyne Research in Billerica, Massachusetts, serving as president and CEO from 1985.

Charles Emerson Beecher

Charles Emerson Beecher (1856–1904) was an American paleontologist at Yale University who specialized in trilobites and is known for Beecher's Trilobite Bed in New York.

Charles Fairhurst

Charles Fairhurst is an English-born rock mechanics engineer, emeritus professor at the University of Minnesota, and co-founder of Itasca Consulting Group, who helped establish rock mechanics as an engineering discipline.

Charles Francis Richter

Charles Francis Richter (1900–1985) was an American seismologist at the California Institute of Technology who defined the earthquake magnitude scale in 1935, working at the Seismological Laboratory in Pasadena.

Charles H. Langmuir

Charles H. Langmuir is an American solid-Earth geochemist, Higgins Professor of Geochemistry at Harvard, known for quantitative models of mantle melting and mid-ocean ridge basalt chemistry.

Charles Kenneth Leith

Charles Kenneth Leith (1875–1956) was an American economic geologist at the University of Wisconsin, known for his monograph on the Mesabi iron range and standard textbooks on structural geology.

Charles Lapworth

Charles Lapworth (1842–1920) was an English geologist who, while a schoolteacher in Scotland, proposed the Ordovician system in 1879, pioneered graptolite biostratigraphy, and held the geology chair at Mason College, Birmingham.

Charles Lyell

Sir Charles Lyell (1797–1875) was a Scottish geologist whose three-volume Principles of Geology (1830–1833) established uniformitarianism, the idea that present processes explain Earth's past, and deeply influenced Charles Darwin.

Charles Meade

Charles Meade is a high-pressure mineral physicist and geophysicist known for diamond-anvil-cell measurements of mineral strength to about 120 GPa at UC Berkeley and the Carnegie Institution.