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Crystallography and diffraction pioneers

17 articles

Aloysio Janner

Aloysio Janner (1928, Muralto, Switzerland – 2016) was a Swiss theoretical physicist who co-founded superspace crystallography with Ted Janssen and Pim de Wolff at Nijmegen, winning the 2014 Ewald Prize.

Archibald Howie

Archibald "Archie" Howie, born 1934, is a British physicist who developed the Howie-Whelan equations for interpreting transmission electron microscope images of crystal defects, and later HAADF imaging; he headed the Cavendish Laboratory from 1989 to 1997.

Arie Hendrik Boerdijk

Arie Hendrik Boerdijk was a scientist who earned a Ph.D. at Delft in 1951 and described the tetrahedral helical packing now called the Boerdijk–Coxeter helix.

Carl Hermann

Carl Hermann (1898–1961) was a German physicist and crystallographer who co-created the Hermann–Mauguin notation for the 230 space groups, edited the Strukturbericht, and was honored as Righteous Among the Nations.

Charles Galton Darwin

Charles Galton Darwin (1887–1962) was a British theoretical physicist, grandson of Charles Darwin, who pioneered the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction and directed the National Physical Laboratory.

Dov Levine

Dov Levine is a condensed matter theorist who co-founded the theory of quasicrystals with Paul Steinhardt in 1984 and is a professor of physics at the Technion in Israel.

Ivar Waller

Ivar Waller (1898–1991) was a Swedish theoretical physicist who gave the quantum description of X-ray scattering by crystal lattice vibrations, the Debye–Waller factor, and was professor at Uppsala.

J. D. Bernal

J. D. Bernal (1901–1971), 'Sage', Irish-born British X-ray crystallographer at Cambridge and Birkbeck College; pioneered protein crystallography with Crowfoot, modeled water structure with Fowler, mentored Nobel laureates Hodgkin, Perutz, Klug.

Jean Laval

Jean Laval (1900–1980) was a French physicist who studied X-ray diffusion by crystals and was professor of theoretical physics at the Collège de France from 1950 to 1970.

Knut Urban

Knut Urban, born 1941 in Stuttgart, is a German physicist at Forschungszentrum Jülich who made aberration-corrected electron microscopy practical, winning the Wolf and Kavli prizes.

Lars Vegard

Lars Vegard (1880–1963) was a Norwegian physicist, professor at Kristiania/Oslo from 1918 to 1952, known for Vegard's law on mixed crystals and for identifying over 500 auroral spectral lines.

Michael J. Whelan

Michael J. Whelan, also known as Michael John Whelan, was a British electron microscopist who pioneered TEM of crystal defects and won the 1988 Hughes Medal with Archibald Howie.

Paul Peter Ewald

Paul Peter Ewald (1888–1985) was a German physicist and crystallographer who gave the first rigorous explanation of X-ray diffraction and founded the International Union of Crystallography.

Paul Scherrer

Paul Scherrer (1890–1969) was a Swiss experimental physicist who co-invented the Debye–Scherrer powder method of X-ray crystallography and built ETH Zurich's physics institute over 40 years.

Pieter M. de Wolff

Pieter M. de Wolff (Pieter Maarten de Wolff, 1919–1998) was a Dutch crystallographer at Delft who introduced the superspace approach for describing incommensurately modulated crystal structures.

William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg

William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics for determining crystal structures by X-ray diffraction, formulating Bragg's law.

Willy Burgers

Willy Burgers, full name Wilhelm Gerard Burgers (1897–1988), was a Dutch physicist and crystallographer, professor of physical chemistry at Delft, known for work on the plastic deformation and recrystallization of metals.