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Physicists and astronomers

3,698 articles

John H. Van Vleck

John H. Van Vleck, also known as John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, was an American theoretical physicist at Harvard who shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics.

John Hannay

John Howard Hannay (born 1951) is a British theoretical physicist and University of Bristol professor, known for the Hannay angle, the classical counterpart of Berry's phase.

John Harry Williams

John Harry Williams (1908–1966) was a Canadian-American experimental physicist who built the University of Minnesota's nuclear physics program and led accelerator work at Los Alamos.

John Henry Poynting

John Henry Poynting (1852–1914) was a British physicist who introduced the Poynting vector for electromagnetic energy flow and, known as the man who weighed the Earth, measured its mean density.

John Henry Schwarz

John Henry Schwarz, born in 1941, is an American theoretical physicist and co-founder of superstring theory who spent his career at Caltech and shared the 2014 Breakthrough Prize.

John Hubbard (physicist)

John Hubbard (1931–1980) was a British theoretical solid-state physicist at AERE Harwell whose 1963–1965 series of papers on electron correlations introduced the Hubbard model, central to strongly correlated electron physics.

John Huchra

John Huchra (1948–2010) was an American observational astronomer at the Center for Astrophysics whose redshift surveys revealed the Great Wall and helped fix the Hubble constant.

John J. Macklin

John J. Macklin is an American applied physicist and Senior Scientist at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus, known for co-developing GCaMP5, jGCaMP7, and red-shifted calcium indicators for neural imaging.

John Jackson (Scottish astronomer)

John Jackson (1887–1958) was a Scottish astronomer who served as His Majesty's Astronomer at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope from 1933 to 1950, leading a stellar parallax program.

John Joly

John Joly (1857–1933) was an Irish physicist and geologist at Trinity College Dublin who invented the first practical color-photography process and pioneered radium treatment of cancer.

John K. Hulm

John K. Hulm, also known as John Kenneth Hulm, was a British-born physicist who discovered the A-15 superconducting alloys and turned niobium-tin into practical high-field conductor at Westinghouse.

John Kerr (physicist)

John Kerr (1824–1907) was a Scottish physicist and mathematical lecturer in Glasgow who discovered the electro-optic Kerr effect in 1875 and the magneto-optic Kerr effect.

John Kirtland Galt

John Kirtland Galt was an American solid-state physicist who spent 1948 to 1974 at Bell Laboratories, then led research at Sandia National Laboratories until retiring in 1985.

John L. Bohn

John L. Bohn is a theoretical physicist and JILA Fellow at the University of Colorado Boulder, known for the collision physics of ultracold atoms and dipolar quantum gases.

John L. Hall

John L. Hall, known as Jan, is an American laser physicist at NIST and JILA who shared the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for laser-based precision spectroscopy.

John L. Tonry

John L. Tonry is an American astronomer at the University of Hawaiʻi known for dark energy research, the surface brightness fluctuation distance method, Pan-STARRS, and the ATLAS asteroid warning system.

John Larry Kelly

John Larry Kelly Jr. (1923–1965) was an American Bell Labs physicist known for the 1956 Kelly criterion and the 1961 machine singing of "Daisy Bell."

John LeConte

John LeConte (1818–1891) was an American physicist and physician who discovered the sensitive flame and led the newly founded University of California as president from the mid-1870s to 1881.

John Louis Emil Dreyer

John Louis Emil Dreyer (1852–1926) was a Danish-born astronomer who spent his career in Ireland, directing Armagh Observatory and compiling the New General Catalogue of 7,840 nebulae and clusters.

John M. Dawson

John M. Dawson (1930–2001) was an American computational plasma physicist at Princeton and UCLA, remembered as the father of plasma-based particle accelerators and of computer simulation of plasmas.

John M. Doyle

John M. Doyle is a Harvard physicist who pioneered buffer-gas cooling of molecules, laser-cooled a polyatomic molecule, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and became APS president in 2025.

John M. Greene

John M. Greene, also known as John Morgan Greene, was an American physicist at Princeton and General Atomics known for the residue criterion and BGK modes.

John M. Lupton

John M. Lupton, also published as J. M. Lupton, is a physicist who has held the chair in experimental physics at the University of Regensburg since 2010.

John M. Martinis

John M. Martinis, also known as John Martinis, is an American physicist who shared the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics and works on superconducting quantum computing at UC Santa Barbara.

John M. Tranquada

John M. Tranquada is an American condensed matter physicist and Senior Physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, known for using neutron scattering to establish stripes in high-temperature superconductors.

John Mitchell Nuttall

John Mitchell Nuttall (1890–1958) was a British physicist who, as a junior colleague of Hans Geiger in Ernest Rutherford's Manchester laboratory, co-discovered the Geiger–Nuttall law, the 1911 relation between alpha-particle energy and radioactive decay period.

John N. Bahcall

John N. Bahcall (1934–2005) was an American astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced Study who built the Standard Solar Model and championed the Hubble Space Telescope.

John P. Hill (physicist)

John P. Hill is an American condensed matter physicist and Director of Brookhaven National Laboratory, known for resonant x-ray scattering studies of magnetism in correlated materials like cuprate superconductors.

John P. Perdew

John P. Perdew is a Tulane University physicist whose nonempirical density-functional theory approximations, including the PBE functional, made DFT the most widely used quantum prediction method.

John P. Schiffer

John P. Schiffer (1930–2022) was a Hungarian-born American nuclear physicist at Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago, known for the Nolen–Schiffer anomaly and a 66-year career.