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Potassium oxonate
Potassium oxonate, also called oteracil potassium, is a uricase inhibitor used to induce hyperuricemia in laboratory rodents and as a component of the anticancer drug S-1.
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium perchlorate is an inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO₄, a white crystalline strong oxidizer used as the principal oxidizer in civilian pyrotechnics and formerly to treat thyroid disorders.
Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), also known as Condy's crystals, is a dark purple crystalline salt and strong oxidizing agent used in water treatment and as a mild antiseptic.
Potassium persulfate
Potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈), or potassium peroxydisulfate, is the potassium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, a white crystalline solid used as a strong oxidizing agent and free-radical initiator.
Potassium silicate
Potassium silicate, also known as potassium waterglass, is an alkaline, water-soluble inorganic salt that serves as a fertilizer and pesticide, a high-temperature binder, and a coating for concrete.
Potassium sodium tartrate
Potassium sodium tartrate, also called Rochelle salt or Seignette salt, is a colorless, water-soluble salt of tartaric acid, commercialized from 1655 by Élie Seignette and known as the first ferroelectric material and a strong piezoelectric crystal.
Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate, also known as sulfate of potash, is a white, water-soluble inorganic compound with formula K2SO4, occurring naturally as the mineral arcanite and sold widely as a chloride-free potassium fertilizer.
Potassium tantalate
Potassium tantalate (KTaO3) is a wide-gap perovskite oxide and quantum paraelectric that stays cubic at all temperatures, and since 2021 a leading platform for superconducting oxide-interface electron gases with strong spin-orbit coupling.
Potassium tartrate
Potassium tartrate, food additive E 336, consists of the potassium salts of L(+)-tartaric acid: monopotassium tartrate, better known as cream of tartar, and dipotassium tartrate.
Potassium tert-butoxide
Potassium tert-butoxide, also known as potassium 2-methylpropan-2-olate, is the potassium salt of the tert-butoxide anion, a strong, bulky base and poor nucleophile widely used in E2 eliminations, enolate formation, and palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings.
Potassium thiocyanate
Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) is the potassium salt of thiocyanic acid, a highly water-soluble crystalline solid used as an analytical reagent and best known for its blood-red iron(III) complex.
Potassium titanyl phosphate
Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) is a synthetic ferroelectric crystal, a standard material for laser frequency conversion, notably doubling Nd:YAG 1064 nm light to green 532 nm.
Potassium-40
Potassium-40 (⁴⁰K) is the only naturally radioactive isotope of potassium, making up 0.0117% of natural potassium with a half-life of about 1.25 billion years, decaying to calcium-40 and argon-40.
Potassium–argon dating
Potassium–argon dating, or K–Ar dating, is a radiometric method that determines the age of rocks and minerals from the decay of potassium-40 to argon-40, spanning ages from about 20,000 years to 4.5 billion years.
Potato paradox
The potato paradox is a veridical mathematical puzzle: potatoes at 99% water dried to 98% weigh 50 kg, half the original 100 kg, not the intuitive 99.
Potential energy
Potential energy is stored energy that depends on the position or configuration of a system, like a raised weight or stretched spring; the term was coined by Rankine in 1853.
Potential energy surface
A potential energy surface (PES), also called an energy landscape, plots potential energy against molecular geometry, and its minima and saddle points describe stable structures and transition states.
Potential evapotranspiration
Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is the maximum quantity of water a well-watered vegetation cover can lose as vapor in a given climate, combining soil evaporation and plant transpiration.
Potential flow
Potential flow, also called ideal flow, is a model of inviscid, incompressible, irrotational fluid motion where velocity comes from a scalar potential satisfying Laplace's equation; it predicts zero drag in two dimensions.
Potential flow around a circular cylinder
The potential flow around a circular cylinder is the classical inviscid, irrotational solution for uniform flow past a cylinder, obtained by superposing a uniform flow and a doublet.
Potential temperature
Potential temperature (symbol θ) is the temperature a dry air parcel would have if brought adiabatically, without heat exchange, to a standard pressure, typically 1000 hPa.
Potential theory
Potential theory is the branch of mathematics that studies harmonic functions and potentials, named for the scalar potential of gravity and electrostatics, with links to Brownian motion and probability.
Potential vorticity
Potential vorticity (PV) is a quantity in atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics combining a parcel's absolute vorticity with its stratification; conserved in adiabatic, frictionless flow, it underlies the dynamic tropopause.
Potential well
A potential well, or energy well, is a region where a particle's potential energy is lower than its surroundings, confining particles with insufficient energy to escape.
Potential-driven surface reconstruction of electrocatalysts
Potential-driven surface reconstruction is the transformation of an electrocatalyst's surface and near-surface region under the applied electrode potential of a working cell, often creating the true active sites.
Potentiometer (measuring instrument)
The potentiometer, also called a balancing potentiometer, is a null-balance instrument measuring voltage against a known potential difference, the historical standard for precision dc voltage measurement.
Potentiometric surface
A potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface representing the static head of groundwater in wells tapping an aquifer; in unconfined aquifers, it is the water table itself.
Potentiometric titration
Potentiometric titration is a titration in which the end point is located by measuring the potential between an indicator electrode and a reference electrode as titrant is added, rather than by a color indicator.
Potentiometry
Potentiometry is an electroanalytical method that determines ion activity in solution by measuring the zero-current potential difference between an indicator electrode and a reference electrode.
Potts model
The Potts model is a lattice model in statistical mechanics where each site takes one of q discrete states, introduced by Renfrey Potts in 1952 as a generalization of the Ising model.