42,772 articles
Ralph Emery
Ralph Emery, born Walter Ralph Emery, was an American broadcaster known as the dean of country music broadcasting, inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2007.
Ralph F. Hirschmann
Ralph F. Hirschmann (1922–2009) was a German-born American medicinal chemist at Merck who led the first solution synthesis of an enzyme, ribonuclease S, in 1969.
Ralph Fowler
Ralph Howard Fowler was an English mathematical physicist at Cambridge who in 1926 explained white dwarf stars as degenerate matter and supervised Dirac, Chandrasekhar, and Mott.
Ralph Fox
Ralph Hartzler Fox (1913–1973) was an American topologist at Princeton University who led a leading knot theory group and created the Fox calculus and n-coloring test.
Ralph G. Nuzzo
Ralph G. Nuzzo is an American chemist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign known for self-assembled monolayers on gold and the 2022 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience.
Ralph Henstock
Ralph Henstock (1923–2007) was a British mathematician who independently created the Henstock–Kurzweil gauge integral and held the pure mathematics chair at the New University of Ulster.
Ralph J. Cicerone
Ralph J. Cicerone (1943–2016) was an American atmospheric chemist known for work on ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect, and president of the National Academy of Sciences from 2005 to 2016.
Ralph Keeling
Ralph Keeling is an American geochemist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography who directs the Mauna Loa CO2 record and first demonstrated that fossil-fuel burning depletes atmospheric oxygen.
Ralph L. Disney
Ralph L. Disney (1928–2014) was an American industrial engineer and applied probabilist known as the father of queueing networks, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997.
Ralph Lynde Disney
Ralph Lynde Disney (1928–2014) was an American industrial engineer and applied probabilist known as the father of queueing networks, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997.
Ralph P. Boas, Jr.
Ralph P. Boas, Jr. (1912–1992) was an American mathematician at Northwestern University who wrote the standard monograph on entire functions and led the Mathematical Association of America.
Ralph Pearson
Ralph Pearson (1919–2022) was an American physical inorganic chemist who developed the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) rule, taught at Northwestern and UC Santa Barbara, and joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1974.
Ralph Raphael
Ralph Alexander Raphael (1921–1998) was a British organic chemist who held senior chairs at Glasgow and Cambridge and published the 1955 monograph Acetylenic Compounds in Organic Synthesis.
Ralph S. Phillips
Ralph Saul Phillips (1913–1998) was an American mathematician at Stanford who worked in functional analysis and scattering theory and co-developed Lax–Phillips scattering theory with Peter Lax.
Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff
Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff (1897–1994) was an American chemist and crystallographer whose 1922 tables introduced the Wyckoff positions, and who pioneered X-ray studies of proteins.
Ralph Weissleder
Ralph Weissleder is a physician scientist and Thrall Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School who directs the Center for Systems Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital, developing molecular imaging technologies, nanoparticles, and miniaturized diagnostics for cancer.
Ralph Works Chaney
Ralph Works Chaney (1890–1971) was an American paleobotanist at the University of California, Berkeley, who first used fossil leaves to infer ancient climates and helped reveal the dawn redwood.
Raltegravir
Raltegravir (brand name Isentress) is a Merck antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection, the first HIV integrase inhibitor approved by the FDA, on 12 October 2007.
Raltitrexed
Raltitrexed, brand name Tomudex, is a quinazoline antifolate chemotherapy drug that directly inhibits thymidylate synthase, used mainly for advanced colorectal cancer and first approved in 1996.
Ram Seshadri
Ram Seshadri is a solid-state and materials chemist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who directs the Materials Research Laboratory and studies phosphors, thermoelectrics, and battery materials.
Ram-pressure stripping
Ram-pressure stripping is the removal of a galaxy's gas by the pressure of the hot medium it moves through, proposed by Gunn and Gott in 1972.
Ramachandran plot
The Ramachandran plot, also called the Ramachandran diagram, is a graph of a polypeptide's backbone torsion angles φ and ψ, introduced by G. N. Ramachandran in 1963.
Raman cooling
Raman cooling is a laser cooling technique using pairs of laser beams that cools atoms below the single-photon recoil limit, first shown by Kasevich and Chu in 1992.
Raman fiber
Raman fiber is the use of Raman scattering inside optical fibers, either to amplify optical signals in telecom systems or to measure temperature at every point along the fiber.
Raman imaging
Raman imaging is a label-free microscopy technique that maps chemical species by recording a Raman spectrum at each pixel, first demonstrated by Delhaye and Dhamelincourt in 1975.
Raman laser
A Raman laser is a laser whose optical gain comes from stimulated Raman scattering, letting it work in silicon and diamond and emit pump-dependent wavelengths.
Raman mapping
Raman mapping acquires a Raman spectrum at every point of a scanned sample area, assembling the spectra into false-color maps of chemical composition and molecular structure.
Raman microspectroscopy
Raman microspectroscopy is an analytical technique combining Raman spectroscopy with optical microscopy to measure vibrational spectra from microscopic regions, yielding label-free chemical images of live cells and materials.
Raman optical activity
Raman optical activity (ROA) is a chiroptical spectroscopy method measuring the tiny difference in Raman scattering by chiral molecules, first observed by Barron, Bogaard, and Buckingham in 1973.
Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also called the Raman effect, is the inelastic scattering of light by molecules or crystals, discovered by C.V. Raman in 1928; the frequency shifts serve as chemical fingerprints in Raman spectroscopy.