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DESIREE
DESIREE, the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment, is a cryogenic ion-beam storage facility at Stockholm University where positive and negative ion beams are merged and made to collide at very low energies.
Desloratadine
Desloratadine, sold as Clarinex in the United States and Aerius in the European Union, is a long-acting second-generation antihistamine and the active metabolite of loratadine, approved in 2001 for allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Desmosine
Desmosine is a pyridinium amino acid formed from four lysine residues that cross-links the protein elastin; its detection in body fluids marks elastin breakdown in COPD.
Desonide
Desonide, also marketed as Desowen, Desocort, Tridesilon, and Desonate, is a synthetic nonfluorinated low-potency topical corticosteroid used at 0.05% strength to treat inflammatory skin conditions since 1972.
Desorption
Desorption is the reverse of adsorption: the release of a substance adsorbed on a surface into a gas or liquid phase, central to catalysis and vacuum technology.
Desorption electrospray ionization
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique in mass spectrometry, reported in 2004, that directs charged solvent droplets at surfaces for direct analysis.
Despina (moon)
Despina (Neptune V, provisional designation S/1989 N 3) is a small inner moon of Neptune about 148 kilometers across, discovered by Voyager 2 in 1989 as it orbits within the planet's faint ring system.
Dess–Martin periodinane
Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) is a hypervalent iodine(V) oxidizing reagent, reported by Dess and Martin in 1991, used to oxidize alcohols to aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions.
Dessin d'enfant
A dessin d'enfant, French for "child's drawing," is a finite bicolored graph on a surface that determines a Riemann surface; the absolute Galois group acts on these objects.
Destratification
Destratification is the artificial mixing of a thermally stratified lake or reservoir, usually by injecting compressed air, to make temperature and dissolved oxygen roughly uniform throughout.
Destruction of the Moon
The destruction of the Moon is a hypothetical scenario and recurring science fiction premise in which an impact, tidal forces, or an unknown agent shatters Earth's satellite.
Destructive distillation
Destructive distillation is the heating of a solid such as coal or wood in the absence of air so it decomposes chemically, yielding coke or charcoal, tars, and gases.
Detached binary
A detached binary is a binary star system in which neither component fills its Roche lobe. It is one of three standard configurations in the Roche-model of close binaries.
Detachment fault
A detachment fault is a large, gently dipping normal fault along which the upper crust slides away during extension, exposing deeper rocks in metamorphic core complexes.
Detailed balance
Detailed balance is a condition on stochastic systems, such as Markov chains, requiring that probability flow between each pair of states equals the reverse flow, implying reversibility.
Detection and attribution
Detection and attribution (D&A) is the climate science framework for showing whether observed climate change exceeds natural variability and how much is caused by greenhouse gases.
Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project
The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP) is a CMIP6 climate model project separating the effects of greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar activity, and volcanism.
Detection capability
Detection capability is the smallest quantity or concentration of a substance a measurement method can statistically distinguish from a reference state, defined in ISO 11843.
Detection limit
The detection limit, also called the limit of detection (LOD), is the smallest amount or concentration of a substance an analytical procedure can reliably distinguish from a blank sample.
Detection of stellar-mass black holes
Stellar-mass black holes are detected through companion-star orbits, X-rays from accreting binaries, Gaia astrometry, and microlensing; only a few tens of the Milky Way's predicted 100 million are confirmed.
Detection theory
Detection theory, most often called signal detection theory, is a framework for analyzing decisions between two states of the world under uncertainty, separating discriminability from response bias.
Detective quantum efficiency
Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is a figure of merit for digital X-ray imaging detectors, defined as the ratio of squared output to squared input signal-to-noise ratio.
Determinacy (set theory)
In set theory, determinacy is the property of an infinite two-player game that one player has a winning strategy; the full Axiom of Determinacy contradicts the Axiom of Choice.
Determinacy and large cardinals
Determinacy and large cardinals refers to results linking determinacy axioms, which say certain infinite games have winning strategies, with large cardinal axioms, beginning with work from the 1960s onward.
Determinant
The determinant of a square matrix is a scalar that measures how the matrix scales oriented volume and is zero exactly when the matrix is not invertible.
Determinantal point process
A determinantal point process is a random point process whose points repel each other, used in machine learning for selecting diverse subsets and in spatial statistics.
Determination of equilibrium constants
Determination of equilibrium constants is the set of thermodynamic definitions, experimental methods, and data-evaluation procedures used to assign numerical values to the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction.
Determination of the day of the week
Determination of the day of the week is the problem of computing the weekday of any calendar date, solved by algorithms from Gauss's 1800 method to Conway's doomsday rule.
Determination of the structure of sodium chloride
The determination of the structure of sodium chloride was the first crystal structure solved by X-ray diffraction; W. L. Bragg published it in 1913, showing that solid salt contains ions rather than molecules.
Deterministic finite automaton
A deterministic finite automaton, also called a deterministic finite state machine, is a finite-state machine that reads input one symbol at a time and recognizes exactly the regular languages.