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Doppler cooling
Doppler cooling is a laser technique that slows atoms by tuning light slightly below an atomic resonance, proposed in 1975 by Hänsch and Schawlow and underlying the magneto-optical trap.
Doppler effect
The Doppler effect, or Doppler shift, is the change in a wave's observed frequency when source and observer move toward or away from each other.
Doppler effect for waves in a medium
The classical Doppler effect is the change in observed frequency of a wave when source, observer, or medium moves, first studied by Christian Doppler in 1842.
Doppler imaging (astronomy)
Doppler imaging is an astronomical technique that reconstructs maps of brightness, temperature, or chemical abundance on a rotating star from time-resolved spectral line profile variations.
Doppler lidar
Doppler lidar is a remote-sensing instrument that measures wind velocity from the Doppler shift of laser light backscattered by aerosols, used for weather, wind energy, and airport wind-shear detection.
Doppler on Wheels
Doppler on Wheels (DOW) is a network of truck-mounted Doppler weather radars designed by Joshua Wurman and first deployed in 1995 to drive to and scan tornadoes and hurricanes.
Doppler peak
The Doppler peak, also called the acoustic or Sakharov peak, is a prominent peak in the cosmic microwave background's power spectrum, produced by acoustic oscillations of the early photon-baryon plasma.
Doppler radar
Doppler radar is a radar system that measures a target's radial velocity, the component of motion toward or away from the antenna, using the Doppler effect.
Doppler reflectometry
Doppler reflectometry, also called Doppler backscattering (DBS), is a microwave diagnostic used in magnetic-confinement fusion experiments to measure turbulence velocity, the perpendicular electric field, and plasma flow.
Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy, also called the radial-velocity method, measures wavelength shifts of a moving object's light to find its velocity, and detected the first exoplanet around a Sun-like star in 1995.
Doppler tomography
Doppler tomography is an indirect-imaging technique in astronomy that reconstructs a two-dimensional map of line emission in velocity space from spectra of a binary star taken over its orbit.
Dor Ben‐Amotz
Dor Ben-Amotz (born 1954) is an Israeli-born physical chemist who spent his career at Purdue University and is known for hydration-shell spectroscopy, a Raman-based method for studying water around dissolved molecules.
Dorado
Dorado, abbreviation Dor, is a southern constellation representing a dolphinfish, mapped by Dutch navigators around 1595 and best known for holding most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Doré bullion
Doré bullion is an unrefined gold–silver alloy bar cast at a mine from smelted concentrate and sent to a refinery, normally 85% to 90% pure gold.
Dorin N. Poenaru
Dorin N. Poenaru, also known as Dorin Mircea Stelian Poenaru, is a Romanian theoretical physicist, born in 1936, who with Săndulescu and Greiner predicted cluster radioactivity, a new nuclear decay mode confirmed experimentally in 1984.
Dormant black hole
A dormant black hole is a black hole in a binary system that emits little or no X-rays because it is not accreting matter from its companion star.
Doron Aurbach
Doron Aurbach (Hebrew: דורון אורבך) is an Israeli electrochemist and professor at Bar-Ilan University, known for pioneering rechargeable magnesium battery prototypes published in Nature in 2000.
Doron Shabat
Doron Shabat (דורון שבת) is an Israeli organic chemist and full professor at Tel Aviv University, known for creating self-immolative polymers, dendrimers, and chemiluminescent probes.
Doron Zeilberger
Doron Zeilberger, born 1950 in Haifa, Israel, is an Israeli mathematician and Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University who pioneered computer-aided proof in combinatorics through WZ theory and Zeilberger's algorithm.
Dorothy Hodgkin
Dorothy Hodgkin, also known as Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, was a British chemist who determined the atomic structures of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin, winning the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Dorothy Hodgkins
Dorothy Hodgkins is a common misspelling of Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, the British X-ray crystallographer who won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the structures of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.
Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
Dorthe Dahl-Jensen (born 1958) is a Danish ice-core scientist, professor at the Niels Bohr Institute, who led the NGRIP, NEEM, and EastGRIP deep drilling projects in Greenland and reconstructs past climate from ice cores.
Dose calculation algorithms in radiation therapy
Dose calculation algorithms in radiation therapy are the computational methods a treatment planning system uses to predict how photon or electron beams deposit three-dimensional dose in a patient's anatomy.
Dose reconstruction
Dose reconstruction is a method for estimating radiation doses people received in the past, combining environmental measurements, transport models, and historical records when direct dosimetry is absent.
Dose-length product
The dose-length product (DLP) is a radiation dose index for computed tomography that expresses total scanner output over a scan's length, calculated as CTDIvol multiplied by scan length and reported in milligray centimeters.
Dose-rate effect
The dose-rate effect is the change in biological effectiveness of a given absorbed dose of ionizing radiation as delivery time changes, governing radiotherapy design and radiation risk protection.
Dose-response meta-analysis
Dose-response meta-analysis is a statistical method in evidence synthesis that combines several studies to estimate how the risk of an outcome changes with exposure dose.
Dose-volume histogram
A dose-volume histogram (DVH) is a plot summarizing the simulated radiation dose distribution within a tumor or organ at risk under a proposed radiotherapy treatment plan.
Dosimetry
Dosimetry, also called radiation dosimetry, is the measurement and calculation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose in gray, calibrated against primary standards such as NIST water calorimeters for radiotherapy, imaging, and protection.
Dot plot (statistics)
A dot plot is a statistical graphic displaying each data value as a dot on a number line, with two types: the Wilkinson distribution plot and the Cleveland dot chart.