42,772 articles
FTIR microspectroscopy
FTIR microspectroscopy couples a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer to a microscope, measuring infrared absorption spectra from small samples without labels to map chemical composition in tissue and cells.
FTSE4Good Index Series
The FTSE4Good Index Series is a family of equity indexes launched by FTSE in 2001 that selects companies using transparent environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria rather than market size alone.
FU Orionis
FU Orionis (FU Ori) is a young variable star in Orion that brightened by about 6 magnitudes in 1936 and gave its name to the FU Orionis class of eruptive stars.
FU Orionis star
A FU Orionis star is a young pre-main-sequence star that brightens dramatically when gas from its disk accretes in a long outburst, like FU Orionis in 1936.
FU Tau
FU Tau is a pair of young brown dwarfs (M7.25 and M9.25, about 1 Myr old) 800 AU apart in the Barnard 215 dark cloud, Taurus; its secondary is also cataloged as the imaged exoplanet FU Tau b.
Fubini–Study metric
The Fubini–Study metric is the Hermitian metric on complex projective space introduced by Guido Fubini and Eduard Study, and in quantum mechanics it measures how distinguishable neighboring pure quantum states are.
Fubini's theorem
Fubini's theorem, also called Fubini's theorem for the Lebesgue integral, is a measure theory result proven by Guido Fubini in 1907, stating that the order of integration can be interchanged.
Fuchsian group
A Fuchsian group is a discrete subgroup of PSL2(R) acting as hyperbolic isometries of the upper half-plane; quotients are hyperbolic orbifolds, named by Poincaré for Lazarus Fuchs.
Fucoidan
Fucoidan, also called fucoidin or sulfated fucan, is a sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharide from brown seaweeds like Fucus vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida, studied for antitumor, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects, with FDA GRAS no-questions letters (GRN 565, 661) but low oral bioavailability.
Fucose
Fucose is a deoxyhexose sugar, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, present in all domains of life: it appears on mammalian cell surfaces, makes up much of human milk oligosaccharides, and dominates fucoidan in brown seaweeds.
Fuel-driven dissipative supramolecular polymers
Fuel-driven dissipative supramolecular polymers are one-dimensional assemblies of small molecules held together by non-covalent interactions that exist only while a chemical fuel is consumed; the first example came in 2010.
Fugacity
Fugacity is a pressure-like thermodynamic quantity that replaces pressure in the chemical potential expression for real gases; at equilibrium, each component's fugacity is equal in every phase.
Fujifilm X100
The Fujifilm X100 is a series of premium Fujifilm compact cameras, first launched in 2011, built around a fixed 23mm F2 lens, an APS-C sensor, and a hybrid viewfinder.
Fujita Akimi
Fujita Akimi (藤田 あき美) is a Japanese astrophysicist and lecturer at Shinshu University who earned a Ph.D. at Columbia and simulates starburst-driven winds and metal enrichment in dwarf galaxies.
Fujita scale
The Fujita scale, also known as the Fujita-Pearson scale, rates tornado intensity from F0 to F5 by damage caused. It was introduced in 1971 by Tetsuya Theodore Fujita and used in the United States until 2007.
Fujiwara–Moritani reaction
The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction, also known as the oxidative Heck reaction, is a palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling that forms a C–C bond directly between an arene and an alkene, reported in 1967.
Fujiwhara effect
The Fujiwhara effect, also called the Fujiwhara interaction or binary interaction, is the tendency of two nearby tropical cyclones to rotate around each other, often merging; it is named for Sakuhei Fujiwhara.
Fukaya category
The Fukaya category is an A-infinity category whose objects are Lagrangian submanifolds of a symplectic manifold, with composition defined by counting pseudoholomorphic curves; Kenji Fukaya introduced it in 1993.
Fukui function
The Fukui function is a local reactivity descriptor of conceptual density functional theory, named for Kenichi Fukui, that locates the sites in a molecule most favorable for electrophilic or nucleophilic attack.
Fukuyama coupling
The Fukuyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of thioesters with organozinc reagents to form ketones, stopping before tertiary alcohol formation; Tohru Fukuyama discovered it in 1998.
Fulgurite
A fulgurite, popularly called petrified lightning, is a natural glass tube or crust formed when a lightning strike melts and fuses sand, soil, or rock.
Fulkerson Prize
The Fulkerson Prize, formally the Delbert Ray Fulkerson Prize, is an award for outstanding papers in discrete mathematics, sponsored by the Mathematical Optimization Society and the American Mathematical Society.
Full configuration interaction
Full configuration interaction (FCI) is a quantum chemistry method that solves the electronic Schrödinger equation exactly in a chosen basis, serving as the calibration reference for approximate methods.
Full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo
Full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) is a stochastic method introduced in 2009 by Booth and Alavi that computes exact ground-state energies of many-electron systems.
Full counting statistics
Full counting statistics (FCS) is a quantum transport framework describing the full probability distribution of charge transferred through a conductor, introduced by Levitov and Lesovik in the early 1990s.
Full information maximum likelihood
Full information maximum likelihood (FIML) is an estimation method in econometrics and structural equation modeling that estimates all parameters of a model jointly by maximizing the joint likelihood.
Full moon
A full moon is the lunar phase in which the Moon is opposite the Sun, fully lit as seen from Earth, occurring about every 29.5 days.
Full shift
The full shift is the dynamical system of all infinite sequences over a fixed alphabet with the shift map, and the largest shift space on that alphabet.
Full-shape galaxy power spectrum analysis
A full-shape galaxy power spectrum analysis is a cosmological method that fits cosmological parameters to the broadband shape of the galaxy power spectrum, beyond BAO peaks.
Full-time equivalent
A full-time equivalent (FTE) is a unit for converting part-time and full-time work hours into the number of full-time workers they equal, widely used in official statistics.