42,772 articles
Geometric realization
Geometric realization is the functor converting a simplicial set into a topological space by gluing one standard geometric simplex for each abstract simplex, producing a CW complex with one cell per non-degenerate simplex.
Geometric series
A geometric series is an infinite series in which each term is a fixed multiple of the previous one, converging to a/(1−r) when the ratio's absolute value is below 1.
Geometrical optics
Geometrical optics, also called geometric or ray optics, is the branch of optics that models light as straight-line rays, valid when objects are much larger than the wavelength.
Geometrization conjecture
The geometrization conjecture of William Thurston, proved by Grigori Perelman via Ricci flow in 2002 and 2003, states that every compact 3-manifold cuts into pieces carrying one of eight geometries.
Geometrized unit system
The geometrized unit system, also called geometric units, sets the gravitational constant and the speed of light to 1, so mass, length, and time share one unit.
Geometrodynamics
Geometrodynamics is a research program in general relativity treating gravity as the dynamics of spacetime geometry itself; John Wheeler coined the term in 1962 by analogy with electrodynamics.
Geometry
Geometry, also called elementary geometry, is the branch of mathematics that studies spatial relationships and shapes, extended in modern times to non-Euclidean geometries used in Einstein's theory of relativity.
Geometry of interaction
The geometry of interaction is a semantic framework for linear logic, introduced by Jean-Yves Girard in the late 1980s, which models cut elimination by operators on Hilbert spaces rather than syntactic rewriting.
Geometry of numbers
The geometry of numbers, or geometric number theory, is a branch of number theory founded by Hermann Minkowski, studying how lattice points interact with convex bodies.
Geomorphological mapping
Geomorphological mapping is a cartographic method that divides terrain into units defined by landform shape, formative process, surface material, and age, used in hazard assessment and land planning.
Geomorphology
Geomorphology is the study of Earth's landforms and the processes that shaped them, from continents and river basins to beaches and glaciers, now also applied to Mars and Titan.
Geophone
A geophone is a seismic sensor converting ground motion into an electrical signal via a spring-suspended coil in a magnetic field, standard in onshore seismic exploration.
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) is a NOAA federal research laboratory on Princeton University's campus in Princeton, New Jersey, a leader in climate modeling since 1955.
Geophysical imaging
Geophysical imaging is a family of earth-science methods that reconstructs models of subsurface structures and properties such as seismic velocity, resistivity, and density from field measurements.
Geophysical survey
A geophysical survey maps buried features and geological structure by remotely measuring physical properties of the subsurface, with magnetometry, resistivity tomography, and ground-penetrating radar the most used techniques.
Geophysics
Geophysics, also called Earth physics, is the natural science applying physics to Earth's structure and dynamics, using gravity, magnetic, electrical, and seismic measurements to infer subsurface properties.
Geopotential height
Geopotential height is an altitude measure used in meteorology that expresses height by potential energy against gravity rather than geometric distance, differing slightly from true height.
Geopotential model
A geopotential model is a mathematical representation of Earth's gravitational potential, delivered as spherical harmonic coefficients from which geoid undulations, gravity anomalies, and satellite orbits are computed.
Geordie Williamson
Geordie Williamson, born 1981, is an Australian mathematician and University of Sydney professor who found counterexamples to Lusztig's 1980 character formula conjecture and won the 2017 New Horizons Prize.
Georeferencing
Georeferencing is the process of assigning real-world Earth coordinates to spatial data, such as a scanned map or aerial photograph, so it can be overlaid and analyzed in a GIS.
Georg Alexander Pick
Georg Alexander Pick (1859–1942) was an Austrian mathematician who spent his career at the German University in Prague, proved Pick's theorem in 1899, and was Albert Einstein's close friend and colleague during Einstein's Prague years.
Georg Bredig
Georg Bredig (1868–1944) was a German physical chemist regarded as the founder of catalysis research, known for Bredig's arc method, zwitterions, and asymmetric catalysis; driven from Karlsruhe by the Nazis, he died in New York.
Georg Cantor
Georg Cantor, in full Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (1845–1918), was a German mathematician at the University of Halle who created set theory as a mathematical discipline.
Georg Faber
Georg Faber was a German mathematician (1877–1966), professor at the Technische Hochschule in Munich, known for Faber polynomials, the Faber–Schauder basis, and the Faber–Krahn inequality.
Georg Hamel
Georg Hamel (1877–1954) was a German mathematician known for the Hamel basis of the reals over the rationals, his 1903 solution of Hilbert's fourth problem, and his equations of motion.
Georg Kresse
Georg Kresse, born in Vienna in 1967, is an Austrian theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Vienna, known as the main author of the VASP simulation package.
Georg Lunge
Georg Lunge (1839–1923) was a German-born chemist, professor of technical chemistry at the Eidgenössisches Polytechnikum in Zürich from 1876 to 1907, best known for the nitrometer that bears his name.
Georg Ohm
Georg Simon Ohm (1789–1854) was a German physicist who discovered Ohm's law, that current is proportional to voltage, in his 1827 book on galvanic circuits.
Georg Stüve
Georg Stüve (1888–1935) was a German physicist and meteorologist who helped found the evaluation of aerological measurements and created the Stüve thermodynamic diagram, still used worldwide.
Georg Wittig
Georg Wittig (1897–1987) was a German organic chemist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing phosphorus reagents, including the Wittig reaction for making alkenes.