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Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP)
The Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) is an international network of about 55 ocean survey lines repeated roughly every decade, measuring full-depth changes in heat, carbon, oxygen, and salinity.
Global phase
A global phase is a complex factor of unit modulus, e^(iθ), that multiplies a quantum state vector with no observable effect, though it becomes measurable when applied in a controlled manner.
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
The Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), established in 1989 under the World Meteorological Organization, is operated by Deutscher Wetterdienst in Germany and produces gridded precipitation analyses from over 124,000 rain gauge stations.
Global Precipitation Climatology Project
The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) is an international project begun in 1986 under the World Climate Research Programme that merges satellite and gauge data into global precipitation analyses.
Global Precipitation Measurement mission
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite network co-led by NASA and JAXA, launched in 2014, providing global rain and snow observations.
Global Seismographic Network
The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a global network of about 150 seismic stations, established in 1988, that records earthquakes and provides its data free in real time.
Global Stocktake
The global stocktake is a Paris Agreement process under Article 14, held every five years, in which countries assess collective progress toward the Agreement's climate goals.
Global storm-resolving model
A global storm-resolving model (GSRM) is an atmospheric model with a mesh finer than about 5 km that simulates convective storms explicitly rather than by parameterization.
Global Telecommunication System
The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) is the World Meteorological Organization's real-time network for exchanging weather observations, forecasts, and warnings since 1971, now being replaced by WIS2 by 2033.
Global warming hiatus
The global warming hiatus was a slowdown in global surface temperature rise from about 1998 to 2012, later attributed to ocean heat redistribution and data biases.
Global warming potential
Global warming potential (GWP) is an index expressing a greenhouse gas's warming effect as a multiple of carbon dioxide's over a time horizon, enabling CO2-equivalent totals.
Global water cycle intensification
Global water cycle intensification is the increase in evaporation, atmospheric water vapor, precipitation, and runoff in response to climate warming, intensifying droughts, floods, and heavy rainfall.
Global Water Partnership
The Global Water Partnership (GWP) is an international network, founded in 1996 by the World Bank, UNDP, and Sida, that promotes integrated water resources management.
Globally hyperbolic spacetime
A globally hyperbolic spacetime is a Lorentzian spacetime with no closed causal curves and compact causal diamonds; it admits a Cauchy surface, making the initial-value problem well posed.
Globular cluster
A globular cluster is a dense, roughly spherical collection of gravitationally bound stars, tens of thousands to millions packed into 50 to 450 light-years, among the oldest known stellar systems.
Glomar Explorer
Glomar Explorer, also known as Hughes Glomar Explorer, is a deep-ocean ship built by the CIA in the early 1970s to raise a sunken Soviet submarine.
Glory (optical phenomenon)
A glory, also called Buddha's light, is an optical phenomenon of small colored rings around an observer's shadow on cloud or fog, caused by sunlight backscattered by tiny water droplets.
Glow discharge
A glow discharge, also called a direct current discharge, is a self-sustaining electric discharge through low-pressure gas that forms luminous plasma, used in spectroscopy, lighting, and plasma displays.
Glow-discharge mass spectrometry
Glow-discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) is an analytical technique that determines the elemental composition of solids directly, sputtering atoms from the sample in a glow-discharge plasma and measuring the resulting ions.
Glucaric Acid
Glucaric acid, also called saccharic acid, is a six-carbon sugar dicarboxylic acid found in fruits and vegetables, named a top biomass chemical by the US Department of Energy in 2004.
Glucocerebroside
Glucocerebroside, also called glucosylceramide, is a glycosphingolipid consisting of a ceramide backbone with a glucose attached; it accumulates in Gaucher disease when glucocerebrosidase is deficient.
Gluconic Acid
Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid made by oxidizing glucose, produced industrially by fermentation with Aspergillus niger and used as the food additive E 574.
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), also known as the Robison ester, is a phosphorylated glucose whose phosphate group traps it inside cells, feeding glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway.
Glucose sensor
A glucose sensor is a device that converts glucose concentration in blood or interstitial fluid into an electrical signal, powering test strips and continuous glucose monitors.
Glueball
A glueball, also called gluonium, is a hypothetical particle made entirely of gluons, which carry color charge and can bind to each other; candidates include f0(1710) and X(2370).
GlueX
GlueX (Gluonic Excitations Experiment) is a particle physics experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia, that searches for exotic hybrid mesons with a polarized photon beam.
Glufosinate
Glufosinate is a non-selective, foliar herbicide, sold as an ammonium salt, derived from phosphinothricin, a natural amino acid produced by Streptomyces soil bacteria that kills plants by inhibiting glutamine synthetase and is used on glufosinate-tolerant crops.
Gluino
The gluino is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of the gluon, a color-charged, electrically neutral Majorana fermion and a central Large Hadron Collider search target, excluded below roughly 2.25 TeV.
Gluon
The gluon is the spin-1 gauge boson of the strong interaction, which binds quarks into protons and neutrons; it was discovered at the PETRA collider in 1979.
Gluon field
The gluon field, also called the gluon four potential, is the gauge field of quantum chromodynamics, the SU(3) theory of the strong interaction, whose quanta are the gluons.