42,772 articles
Griffith C. Evans
Griffith C. Evans (1887–1973) was an American mathematician in functional analysis, potential theory, and mathematical economics who built the mathematics departments at Rice Institute and Berkeley.
Griffith Observatory
Griffith Observatory is a public astronomy observatory and science education center on Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park, Los Angeles, opened in 1935 and run by the city with free admission.
Griffith's experiment
Griffith's experiment was a 1928 study by the British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith showing that a harmless Streptococcus pneumoniae strain could be transformed into a lethal one.
Griffiths group
The Griffiths group, named for Phillip A. Griffiths, is the group of homologically trivial codimension-r algebraic cycles on a smooth projective variety modulo algebraically trivial ones.
Griggs
Mount Griggs (formerly Knife Peak) is a 2,317-m andesitic stratovolcano in Katmai National Park, Alaska, the cluster's highest peak, lying about 10 km behind the volcanic front, active since about 292 ka, fumarolically active, last eruption about 1790 BCE.
Grignard reaction
The Grignard reaction, discovered by Victor Grignard in Lyon in 1900, adds an organomagnesium halide to a carbonyl compound to form a new carbon–carbon bond.
Grignard reagent
A Grignard reagent, or Grignard compound, is an organomagnesium halide, RMgX, made from an organic halide and magnesium, used to form carbon–carbon bonds and alcohols.
Grigore Moisil
Grigore Moisil (1906-1973) was a Romanian mathematician and computer scientist, considered the father of Romanian informatics, who founded Romania's first computing center and introduced the Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebras in many-valued logic.
Grigori Perelman (Григорий Яковлевич Перельман)
Grigori Perelman, also known as Grisha Perelman (Григорий Перельман), is a Russian mathematician who proved the Poincaré conjecture in 2002 and 2003 preprints and declined the Fields Medal.
Grigory Barenblatt
Grigory Barenblatt (1927–2018) was a Soviet and later American applied mathematician known for the cohesive crack model, intermediate asymptotics, and turbulence, later a professor at Cambridge and Berkeley.
Grigory Landsberg
Grigory Samuilovich Landsberg was a Soviet physicist and full USSR Academy of Sciences member who, with Leonid Mandelstam, discovered Raman scattering in crystals in February 1928.
Grigory Margulis
Grigory Margulis, born 1946 in Moscow, is a Russian-born mathematician at Yale University known for work on lattices in Lie groups and winner of the Fields, Wolf, and Abel prizes.
Grimme dispersion correction
The Grimme dispersion correction (DFT-D) is a family of semiempirical corrections adding London dispersion forces to density functional calculations, introduced by Stefan Grimme in 2004.
Grímsvötn
Grímsvötn, also known as Grimsvotn volcano, is Iceland's most active subglacial volcano, lying beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap. Its 2011 eruption sent ash over 20 km high and disrupted air travel across northern Europe.
GRO J0422+32
GRO J0422+32, also known as Nova Persei 1992 or V518 Per, is a black hole X-ray transient discovered in 1992, known for hosting one of the lowest-mass black hole candidates.
GRO J1655-40
GRO J1655-40 (Nova Scorpii 1994, V1033 Sco) is a black hole X-ray binary in Scorpius. It was discovered in July 1994 by BATSE on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
Grob fragmentation
The Grob fragmentation is a 1,4-elimination reaction in which a 1,3-difunctionalized compound cleaves a carbon–carbon bond under base or acid to give an alkene and a ketone or aldehyde.
Gröbner basis
A Gröbner basis (Groebner bases) is a generating set for an ideal in a polynomial ring, introduced by Bruno Buchberger in 1965 and named after his advisor Wolfgang Gröbner.
GROMACS
GROMACS (GROningen MAChine for Chemical Simulation) is a free, open-source molecular dynamics suite developed in the 1990s at the University of Groningen, used mainly for simulating biomolecules such as proteins.
Gromov boundary
The Gromov boundary of a hyperbolic metric space records the directions to infinity as equivalence classes of geodesic rays; it was introduced by Gromov in 1987.
Gromov–Witten invariants
Gromov–Witten invariants are numbers counting, in a loose sense, holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces to a variety or symplectic manifold, defined via the virtual fundamental class of the moduli space of stable maps.
Gronwall's inequality
Gronwall's inequality, also called Grönwall's lemma or the Gronwall–Bellman inequality, is an integral inequality that converts implicit bounds into explicit exponential bounds for a function.
Gross tonnage
Gross tonnage, or gross tons, is a dimensionless index of a ship's overall internal size, calculated from enclosed volume under the International Tonnage Convention of 1969.
Gross value added
Gross value added (GVA) is a measure of economic output equal to what an industry, sector, or region produces minus the goods and services consumed in producing it.
Gross world product
Gross world product (GWP) is the combined gross domestic product of all economies in the world, measured by national statistics agencies under the System of National Accounts.
Gross–Neveu model
The Gross–Neveu model is a quantum field theory of massless Dirac fermions interacting through a four-fermion contact term, introduced by David Gross and André Neveu in 1974.
Gross–Pitaevskii equation
The Gross–Pitaevskii equation is a nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the macroscopic wave function of a dilute Bose–Einstein condensate, developed independently by Eugene Gross and Lev Pitaevskii in the early 1960s.
Grossular
Grossular is a calcium aluminum silicate mineral of the garnet group, the most varicolored of the six common garnets, including gem varieties hessonite and tsavorite.
Grote Reber
Grote Reber was an American radio engineer who, working alone after Karl Jansky's 1933 discovery, built the world's first radio telescope in 1937 and made the first radio maps of the sky.
Grothendieck construction
The Grothendieck construction turns an indexed category, a functor assigning a category to each object of a base category, into a single total category over the base, giving an equivalence between indexed categories and Grothendieck fibrations.