edgepedia

Physical world and mathematics

42,772 articles

Height

Height is the vertical distance above a chosen reference surface, such as the geoid or an ellipsoid, with orthometric, ellipsoidal, and geoid heights related by h = H + N.

Height function

A height function in Diophantine geometry measures the arithmetic complexity of rational points on a projective variety, and underlies finiteness results such as the Mordell–Weil theorem.

Height in sports

Height in sports, also called height and sports, is the stature of athletes that sports select for and measure; basketball favors tall players, weightlifting rewards modest stature.

Heightmap

A heightmap, also called a digital elevation model or height field, is a two-dimensional grid storing one elevation value per location, commonly used for terrain in games and GIS.

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926) was a Dutch physicist who liquefied helium in 1908 and discovered superconductivity in 1911, winning the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Heiko Harborth

Heiko Harborth (born 1938, Celle, Germany) is a German mathematician at TU Braunschweig, best known for the Harborth graph, the smallest known 4-regular matchstick graph.

Heileen Hsu-Kim

Heileen (Helen) Hsu-Kim is an American environmental aquatic chemist, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Duke University, and PECASE recipient known for research on mercury bioavailability in aquatic food webs.

Heino Falcke

Heino Falcke, born 1966 in Cologne, is a German radio astronomer at Radboud University who coined "black hole shadow" and led the 2019 first black hole image.

Heinrich Barkhausen

Heinrich Georg Barkhausen was a German physicist and electrical engineer who discovered the Barkhausen effect in 1919 and held the world's first professorship in communications engineering, at Dresden from 1911.

Heinrich Behnke

Heinrich Behnke (1898–1979) was a German mathematician, professor at the University of Münster from 1927, known for the 1934 Behnke–Thullen monograph and the Behnke–Stein theorem on Riemann surfaces.

Heinrich Bruns

Ernst Heinrich Bruns (1848–1919) was a German astronomer and mathematician, professor of astronomy at Leipzig from 1882, known for Bruns' theorem and his definition of geodesy.

Heinrich Caro

Heinrich Caro (1834–1910) was a German industrial chemist who, as BASF's first head of research from 1868, invented synthetic dyes including alizarin, eosin, and methylene blue.

Heinrich events

Heinrich events are episodes of massive iceberg discharge into the North Atlantic during the last glacial period, named for Hartmut Heinrich, who documented their sediment layers in 1988.

Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze

Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze (1880–1964) was an Austrian mathematician known for the Tietze extension theorem and Tietze transformations, and for introducing lens spaces in his 1908 paper.

Heinrich Heesch

Heinrich Heesch (1906–1995) was a German mathematician who founded the reduction program behind the 1976 computer proof of the four-color theorem and gave his name to the Heesch number in tiling theory.

Heinrich Hertz

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist who first generated and detected electromagnetic waves in 1887, proving Maxwell's theory; the unit hertz is named for him.

Heinrich Holland

Heinrich Dieter Holland (1927–2012) was a German-born American geochemist at Princeton and Harvard who established the Great Oxidation Event, the rise of atmospheric oxygen about 2.3 billion years ago.

Heinrich Hörlein

Heinrich Hörlein (Philipp Heinrich Hörlein, 1882–1954) was a German chemist who headed Bayer's pharmaceutical laboratories at Elberfeld, discovered Luminal, and oversaw the sulfonamides; he was acquitted at Nuremberg in 1948.

Heinrich Jaeger

Heinrich M. Jaeger is a soft condensed matter physicist and Sewell Avery Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago, known for granular materials and jamming research.

Heinrich Jung

Heinrich Jung, born Heinrich Wilhelm Ewald Jung (1876–1953), was a German mathematician best known for Jung's theorem and for holding the chair at the University of Halle.

Heinrich Kayser

Heinrich Kayser (Johann Heinrich Gustav Kayser; 1853–1940) was a German physicist who, with Carl Runge, mapped the spectra of many elements and established the laws of spectral series.

Heinrich Mache

Heinrich Mache (1876–1954) was an Austrian physicist who pioneered measuring radon in natural waters, introduced the first radon unit in 1904, and founded technical physics in Vienna.

Heinrich Martin Weber

Heinrich Martin Weber (1842–1913) was a German mathematician who, with Dedekind, put algebraic curves on a rigorous footing, proved the Kronecker–Weber theorem, and wrote the Lehrbuch der Algebra.

Heinrich Maschke

Heinrich Maschke (1853–1908) was a German mathematician best known for Maschke's theorem, the foundational result of finite-group representation theory, and for building the University of Chicago's mathematics department.

Heinrich Rohrer

Heinrich Rohrer (1933–2013) was a Swiss physicist at IBM's Zurich laboratory who shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerd Binnig for the scanning tunneling microscope.

Heinrich Rubens

Heinrich Rubens (1865–1922) was a German experimental physicist who pioneered the far-infrared region, whose 1900 black-body measurements helped drive Planck's quantum radiation law, and who invented the flame tube that makes standing sound waves visible.

Heinrich Wieland

Heinrich Wieland was a German organic chemist at the University of Munich who won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on bile acids and formulated the dehydrogenation theory of biological oxidation.

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (1803–1879) was a Prussian physicist and meteorologist at Berlin who formulated the wind-turning law, introduced monthly isotherms, and directed the Prussian Meteorological Institute.

Heinz A. Lowenstam

Heinz A. Lowenstam was a German-born American paleoecologist at Caltech who founded the modern study of biomineralization and discovered magnetite in chiton teeth in 1962.

Heinz Bachmann

Heinz Bachmann was a mathematician whose 1950 Zürich dissertation introduced a hierarchy of normal functions yielding large countable ordinals, including the Bachmann–Howard ordinal, a standard proof-theoretic ordinal of impredicative mathematics.