42,772 articles
Isamu Akasaki
Isamu Akasaki (赤崎 勇) was a Japanese physicist and electrical engineer who pioneered the gallium nitride blue LED and shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics; he died in 2021.
Isatin
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is an oxidized indole first obtained from indigo dye in 1841. It occurs naturally in humans and its derivatives include the anticancer drug sunitinib.
Isentropic process
An isentropic process, also called a reversible adiabatic process, is a thermodynamic process in which entropy stays constant, meaning no heat is transferred and no entropy is generated.
Isentropic surface
An isentropic surface is a surface in the atmosphere on which potential temperature, equivalently entropy, is everywhere equal, so adiabatic air parcels slide along it.
Ishihara test
The Ishihara test, also called the Ishihara color test, is a color vision screening test using dotted plates, created by Japanese ophthalmologist Shinobu Ishihara in 1917.
Ishikawa diagram
The Ishikawa diagram, also called the fishbone diagram, is a cause-and-effect tool developed by Japanese quality specialist Kaoru Ishikawa to organize the possible root causes of a quality problem.
Isidor Isaac Rabi
Isidor Isaac Rabi was an American physicist who won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physics for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.
Isidor Traube
Isidor Traube (1860–1943) was a German physical chemist, born in Hildesheim, who founded capillary chemistry, formulated Traube's rule, became a Berlin professor, and later settled in Edinburgh.
Isidore of Miletus
Isidore of Miletus was a Byzantine mathematician and architect who, with Anthemius of Tralles, designed the original Hagia Sophia in Constantinople for Justinian I, built 532 to 537.
ISIMIP
ISIMIP (the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project) is a climate impact research framework providing common climate forcing datasets and consistent modeling protocols so impact models can be compared across sectors and scales.
Ising model
The Ising model, also known as the Ising spin model, is a mathematical model of spins on a lattice and the simplest model with a phase transition.
Ising models of social behavior
Ising models of social behavior apply the physics of magnets to societies where each person makes a binary choice, such as voting or adopting a technology.
Ising superconductivity
Ising superconductivity is a form of superconductivity in two-dimensional crystals such as MoS2 and NbSe2, where spin-orbit coupling lets it survive magnetic fields beyond the Pauli limit.
ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, also known as ISIS neutron source, is a pulsed spallation facility near Oxford, UK, producing neutron and muon beams for materials research since 1984.
Iskut-Unuk River Cones
Iskut-Unuk River Cones: group of eight small basaltic pyroclastic cones in northwestern British Columbia's Stikine volcanic belt, Canada's youngest volcanic field; Lava Fork last erupted about 1800 CE, flows reaching Alaska.
Islamic geometric patterns
Islamic geometric patterns, also called Islamic geometric designs, are a decorative idiom of Islamic art of interlocking stars and polygons adorning mosques, palaces, and ceramics.
Island
An island is a naturally formed area of land surrounded by water that stays above water at high tide, ranging from river sandbars to New Guinea.
Island formula
The island formula is a semiclassical rule computing the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation by including gravitating regions called islands, reproducing the Page curve.
Island of inversion at N = 40
The island of inversion at N = 40 is a nuclear region around chromium-64 where deformed intruder configurations dominate, not the spherical shapes expected near the N = 40 subshell gap.
Island of stability
The island of stability, also called the stability island, is a predicted region where superheavy nuclei with closed shells would be longer-lived than any made so far.
ISM radio band
The ISM radio band, formally the Industrial, Scientific and Medical band, is a set of radio-frequency bands reserved internationally for non-communication equipment such as industrial heaters and microwave ovens.
Ismail al-Jazari
Ismail al-Jazari was a Muslim engineer at the Artuqid court in Diyarbakir who wrote an illustrated 1206 treatise of fifty mechanical devices, including the Elephant Water Clock.
ISO 14064
ISO 14064 is a three-part international standard for greenhouse gas accounting, issued by ISO in 2006: Part 1 covers organizational inventories, Part 2 projects, and Part 3 verification.
ISO 31000
ISO 31000 is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization that provides principles, a framework, and a process for managing risk in any organization.
ISO week date
The ISO week date is the week-based date system defined by ISO 8601, writing dates like 1995-W03-6, where week 1 is the week containing the year's first Thursday.
ISO/IEC 17025
ISO/IEC 17025, titled General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, is the international standard against which laboratories demonstrate competence, first published in 1999 and currently in its 2017 edition.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 is the ISO and IEC joint subcommittee responsible for international artificial intelligence standardization, established in 2018 with its inaugural meeting in Beijing.
Isoamyl acetate
Isoamyl acetate, also called isopentyl acetate or banana oil, is the ester of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, a colorless liquid with a strong banana-like odor found naturally in bananas, beer, and wine.
Isoamyl alcohol
Isoamyl alcohol, also known as isopentyl alcohol, is a colorless five-carbon alcohol produced by yeast during fermentation and used as a solvent and flavoring agent.
Isoaspartate (β-aspartate)
Isoaspartate (β-aspartate) is a spontaneous isomer of aspartic acid in proteins, forming one of the most common types of non-enzymatic protein damage under mild conditions.