42,772 articles
Italo José Dejter
Italo José Dejter, born in Argentina in 1939, is a mathematician and retired University of Puerto Rico professor whose work spans graph theory, coding theory, and topology.
Itamar Procaccia
Itamar Procaccia is an Israeli physicist at the Weizmann Institute known for the Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm for chaotic attractors, turbulence theory, and amorphous solids; he won the Israel Prize in 2009.
Itay Halevy
Itay Halevy is an Israeli isotope biogeochemist and geobiologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science, known for Science papers on Earth's early sulfur cycle and seawater chemistry.
Item response theory
Item response theory, or latent trait analysis, is a statistical modeling framework in psychometrics that links responses to individual test items with an underlying latent trait like ability.
ITER
ITER, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, is the world's largest tokamak, an experimental fusion reactor in southern France aiming to produce 500 MW of fusion power from 50 MW of heating.
Iterated function system
An iterated function system is a finite collection of contractive maps whose iteration converges to a unique compact attractor, typically a fractal, used in image compression.
Iteration
Iteration is the repeated application of a function or procedure that turns each value into the next, used to solve equations and prove solutions exist.
Iterative deepening depth-first search
Iterative deepening depth-first search (IDDFS), also called iterative deepening search, is a tree-search algorithm that repeatedly runs depth-limited depth-first searches with increasing depth limits, finding shortest solutions.
Iterative exponential growth synthesis
Iterative exponential growth synthesis (IEG), also called geometrical growth, is a polymer chemistry strategy that doubles molecular weight each coupling cycle to make monodisperse, sequence-defined macromolecules, first reported in 1982.
Iterative method
An iterative method, also called an iteration scheme or method of successive approximation, computes successively better approximations to a solution by refining an initial guess at each step.
Iteratively reweighted least squares
Iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) is an iterative estimation method that solves a sequence of weighted least squares problems, updating the weights each iteration, to fit robust regression M-estimators.
Itô calculus
Itô calculus, also called Ito stochastic calculus, is the branch of mathematics defining integration with respect to random processes like Brownian motion, created by Kiyosi Itô in 1942.
Itô's lemma
Itô's lemma, also called Itô's formula, is the chain rule of stochastic calculus, proved by Kiyosi Itô and central to the Black–Scholes option pricing framework.
ITQ-43
ITQ-43 is a germanosilicate zeolite first synthesized in 2011 in Valencia, Spain, featuring a three-dimensional pore system of 28-ring mesopores and 12-ring micropores, and the first zeolite structure solved ab initio by 3D electron diffraction.
IUPAC Color Books
The IUPAC Color Books are a series of reference volumes published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry covering chemical nomenclature, terminology, and symbols.
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is the system of IUPAC rules for naming organic compounds, codified in the Blue Book, whose current 2013 edition introduced preferred names.
IUPAC numerical multiplier
An IUPAC numerical multiplier is a prefix like di, tri, or bis that states how many times an identical feature occurs in a compound's systematic name.
Ivacaftor
Ivacaftor, sold as Kalydeco, is an oral CFTR potentiator drug for cystic fibrosis, approved in the United States in 2012 as the first medicine to treat an underlying cause of the disease rather than its symptoms.
Ivan Aprahamian
Ivan Aprahamian is the Roth Family Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Dartmouth College, an organic and materials chemist known for hydrazone-based molecular switches, molecular machines, and liquid-crystal materials.
Ivan Fesenko
Ivan Fesenko is a Russian-born mathematician in number theory, known for class field theory and adelic analysis, a distinguished professor at Westlake University since 2023.
Ivan Horbachevsky
Ivan Horbachevsky (Ukrainian: Іван Горбачевський) was a Ukrainian-born chemist who achieved the first synthesis of uric acid in 1882 and later served as the first Minister for Public Health of Austria.
Ivan Huc
Ivan Huc (born 1969 in Besançon, France) is a French chemist known for aromatic oligoamide foldamers, helical synthetic molecules, and a professor at LMU Munich since 2017.
Ivan I. Smalyukh
Ivan I. Smalyukh is a soft matter physicist, professor at the University of Colorado Boulder since 2017, known for discovering liquid crystal hopfions, heliknotons, and monoclinic nematics.
Iván K. Schuller
Iván K. Schuller, also published as Ivan K. Schuller, is a condensed matter physicist, Professor at UC San Diego since 1987, known for metallic superlattices and spintronics.
Ivan M. Niven
Ivan M. Niven (1915–1999) was a number theorist at the University of Oregon, known for his one-page 1947 proof that π is irrational and for Niven's theorem.
Ivan P. Parkin
Ivan P. Parkin is an inorganic materials chemist, Sir William Ramsay Professor of Chemistry at University College London, and Dean of its Mathematical and Physical Sciences faculty since 2016.
Ivan Paul Kaminow
Ivan Paul Kaminow (1930–2013) was an American applied physicist and electrical engineer who spent a 42-year career at Bell Labs shaping lightwave communications, the technology behind optical-fiber networks.
Ivan Petrovsky
Ivan Georgievich Petrovsky (Иван Георгиевич Петровский) was a Russian mathematician, born in 1901, whose work defined the modern theory of partial differential equations and Hilbert's problems.
Ivan Pulyui
Ivan Pulyui (Іван Пулюй) was a Ukrainian physicist and electrical engineer who built early X-ray-emitting tubes, co-translated the first complete Ukrainian Bible in 1903, and served as rector of the German Polytechnic in Prague.
Ivan R. King
Ivan R. King (1927–2021) was an American astronomer who spent most of his career at UC Berkeley; his King models became the standard description of globular cluster light profiles.