Physical world and mathematics

James Chadwick

James Chadwick (1891–1974) was a British physicist who discovered the neutron in 1932, won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics, and later led the British Mission to the Manhattan Project.

James Charles Phillips

James Charles Phillips is a condensed matter physicist known for his work on glass physics, who led research at Bell Laboratories and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was a Scottish physicist who unified electricity, magnetism, and light in his 1865 theory, and also pioneered color photography and the kinetic theory of gases.

Oct 15, 2026

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is a 15-meter radio telescope near the summit of Maunakea, Hawaii, and the world's largest telescope built for submillimetre astronomy.

James Cooley

James Cooley (1926–2016) was an American applied mathematician who spent his career at IBM's Watson Research Center and co-invented the fast Fourier transform with John Tukey in 1965.

James Crafts

James Mason Crafts (1839–1917) was an American chemist who, with Charles Friedel, described the Friedel–Crafts reaction in 1877, and who served as president of MIT from 1897 to 1900.

James Craig Watson (1838–1880) was a Canadian-American astronomer who discovered 22 asteroids, directed the Detroit and Washburn observatories, and left a bequest funding the National Academy's Watson Medal.

James Cronin

James Watson Cronin (1931–2016) was an American particle physicist at the University of Chicago who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics with Val Fitch for discovering CP violation in neutral K-meson decay.

James D. Byerlee

James D. Byerlee is an experimental rock-mechanics geophysicist at the United States Geological Survey whose 1978 paper established Byerlee's law, the standard rule for rock fault friction.

James D. Callen

James D. Callen is a fusion plasma theorist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a National Academy of Engineering member known for tokamak transport theory.

James D. D'Ianni

James D. D'Ianni was an American polymer and rubber chemist who spent his career at Goodyear in Akron, Ohio, retiring as director of research in 1978.

James Dewar

Sir James Dewar (1842–1923) was a Scottish chemist and physicist, professor at the Royal Institution in London, who first liquefied hydrogen in 1898 and invented the vacuum flask.

James Dugundji

James Dugundji (1919–1985) was a mathematician who spent his career at the University of Southern California, known for the 1951 Dugundji extension theorem and his 1966 textbook Topology.

James Dungey

James Wynne Dungey (1923–2015) was a British space scientist who proposed in 1961 that Earth's magnetosphere is open, via magnetic reconnection, the foundation of modern magnetospheric physics.

James Dwight Dana

James Dwight Dana (1813–1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, and zoologist, professor at Yale, author of A System of Mineralogy, and geologist on the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842.

James E. Gunn

James E. Gunn, born in Texas in 1938, is an American astrophysicist and Princeton professor who conceived and led the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, winning the Kyoto Prize in 2019.

James E. Hansen

James E. Hansen is an American climate scientist, former director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, known for his 1988 congressional testimony on global warming.

James E. Hutchison

James E. Hutchison is an American materials chemist at the University of Oregon who joined the faculty in 1994, known for DNA-scaffolded gold nanoparticle assemblies and founding greener nanoscience.

James E. McDonald

James E. McDonald (1920–1971) was an American atmospheric physicist at the University of Arizona, known for cloud physics, weather modification research, and prominent UFO investigations.

James E. McGrath

James E. McGrath (1934–2014) was an American polymer scientist and University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech who worked on block copolymers, fuel-cell materials, and desalination membranes.

James Economy

James Economy (1929–2021) was an American polymer chemist known for liquid crystalline aromatic copolyesters and boron nitride composites, who led the University of Illinois materials science department.

James Edward Keeler

James Edward Keeler (1857–1900) was an American astronomer and astrophysicist who proved Saturn's rings are countless orbiting particles and photographed hundreds of spiral nebulae at Lick Observatory.

James F. Kasting

James F. Kasting, also published as James Kasting, is an American geoscientist at Penn State known for his 1993 theory of habitable zones around stars.

James F. Roth

James F. Roth (1925–2021) was an American industrial chemist who discovered the low-pressure rhodium-catalyzed process for making acetic acid from methanol, the basis of the Monsanto process.

James F. Scott

James F. Scott, also known as James Floyd Scott (1942–2020), was an American physicist known as the father of integrated ferroelectrics, whose work enabled FeRAM memory in game consoles and railway fare cards.

James Farquhar (geochemist)

James Farquhar is a geochemist at the University of Maryland, College Park, best known for mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures that trace oxygen's rise in Earth's early atmosphere.

James Feast

William James Feast is a British polymer chemist at Durham University, best known for the 1980 Durham precursor route to polyacetylene and for applying ROMP to functional polymers.

James Flack Norris

James Flack Norris (1871–1940) was an American organic chemist, professor of organic chemistry at MIT, and a pioneer in the systematic study of structure–reactivity relationships.

James Franck

James Franck (1882–1964) was a German-born physicist who won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics for the Franck–Hertz experiment, the first direct evidence for discrete atomic energy states.