42,772 articles
La2PrNi2O7
La2PrNi2O7 is a praseodymium-doped bilayer nickelate that becomes a bulk high-temperature superconductor under pressure above about 11 GPa, with a record onset temperature of 82.5 K.
La3Ni2O7
La3Ni2O7 is a bilayer Ruddlesden–Popper nickelate oxide, reported in 2023 to superconduct near 80 K under pressure and later in strained thin films at ambient pressure.
LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
The LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, first reported in 2004, is the boundary between two insulating oxides that conducts electricity, becomes superconducting at low temperature, and shows ferromagnetism.
Lab bench
A lab bench is a work surface, usually with cabinets beneath, on which laboratory work is performed; the term covers both the worktop and the whole assembly.
Lab coat
A lab coat is a protective garment worn in laboratories and clinical settings to shield skin and clothing from hazards, and its white form serves as the familiar uniform of physicians and scientists.
Lab notebook
A lab notebook is the primary record where a scientist documents experiments so others can reproduce them, traditionally a bound volume with signed, dated pages and now often electronic.
Lab-in-the-field experiment
A lab-in-the-field experiment is a social-science method that administers standardized lab paradigms, such as dictator games, to relevant non-student populations in natural settings like villages.
Lab-on-a-chip
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC, microfluidic device, μTAS): miniaturized chip a few square centimeters integrating sample preparation, reaction, separation, and detection on 100 nL to 10 μL fluid volumes; used for point-of-care diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental testing; rooted in 1970s silicon gas chromatography and Manz's 1990 μTAS concept.
Labelled enumeration theorem
The labeled enumeration theorem, also called the fundamental theorem of combinatorial enumeration, translates constructions on labeled combinatorial structures into equations on their exponential generating functions, the labeled counterpart of Pólya's theorem.
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais
The Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE) is France's national reference laboratory for testing and metrology, founded in 1901, based in Paris, and coordinating French metrology since 2005.
Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane
The Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) is a deep underground laboratory in the Fréjus road tunnel near Modane, France, Europe's deepest, hosting dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Operating under the Gran Sasso massif, the LNGS is an INFN research center in Abruzzo, Italy, hosting experiments in particle and nuclear astrophysics with massive shielding.
Laboratory
A laboratory, from the Medieval Latin laboratorium, is a room or building equipped for scientific experiments or hazardous work, ranging from teaching rooms to facilities like CERN.
Laboratory automation
Laboratory automation is the use of machinery, robotics, and information systems to carry out laboratory procedures like sample preparation, liquid handling, and analysis with reduced human intervention.
Laboratory frame
The laboratory frame is the reference frame of a collision experiment, in which the target particle is initially at rest while the beam particle moves toward it.
Laboratory glassware
Laboratory glassware is glass equipment for scientific work, including beakers, flasks, pipettes, burettes, and funnels, made mostly of borosilicate glass chosen for its heat and chemical resistance.
Laboratory information management system
A laboratory information management system (LIMS) is laboratory software that tracks samples, tests, and results from registration through analysis to archiving, logging who handled each sample and when.
Laboratory Life
Laboratory Life is a 1979 book by Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar arguing that scientific facts are socially constructed, based on fieldwork at the Salk Institute.
Laboratory safety
Laboratory safety is the system of engineering controls, administrative rules, personal protective equipment, and safety culture that protects people, samples, and facilities in scientific laboratories.
Laboratory water bath
A laboratory water bath is a heated container of water that incubates samples gently at controlled temperatures, typically up to 60 °C, in biology and chemistry labs.
Labour Force Survey
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the UK's largest household survey, run by the Office for National Statistics since 1973, providing the official measures of employment and unemployment.
Labrador Sea Water
Labrador Sea Water is a cold, fresh intermediate-depth water mass of the North Atlantic, formed by winter deep convection in the central Labrador Sea and spread across the Atlantic.
Labradorite
Labradorite is a calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar first reported from Labrador, Canada, in 1770, best known for labradorescence, an iridescent blue, green, and gold play of color.
Laccase
Laccase, also called urishiol oxidase, is a multi-copper oxidase enzyme found in fungi, bacteria, and plants, used industrially for bleaching denim, treating wastewater, and stabilizing wine.
LaCoO3 perovskite OER catalyst
LaCoO3, lanthanum cobaltite, is a perovskite oxide studied as a low-cost, non-precious electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media, with both lattice oxygen and adsorbate mechanisms operating on its surface.
Lactacystin
Lactacystin is a natural-product antibiotic and proteasome inhibitor isolated in 1991 from Streptomyces by Satoshi Ōmura and colleagues, the first natural product shown to target the 20S proteasome.
Lactam
A lactam is a cyclic amide, a compound in which the amide carbonyl and nitrogen lie in a ring, including caprolactam, the monomer of Nylon 6.
Lactate
Lactate (C₃H₅O₃⁻) is the anion of lactic acid, produced continuously by glycolysis, shuttled between tissues as fuel, and, since 2019, known to induce histone lactylation, an epigenetic gene modification.
Lactic acid
Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) is an organic acid produced by bacteria and animal muscle, discovered in sour milk by Scheele in 1780 and used in food, cosmetics, and biodegradable plastics.
Lactide
Lactide is a cyclic diester of lactic acid, formula C₆H₈O₄, that comes in three stereochemical isomers and is the key industrial intermediate for making polylactic acid, the most widely produced biodegradable plastic.