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Latent growth modeling
Latent growth modeling is a structural equation modeling technique that estimates how people change over time, treating each person's initial status and rate of change as latent variables.
Latent heat
Latent heat, also called specific latent heat, is the energy absorbed or released during a phase change like melting or boiling at constant temperature, measured in joules per kilogram.
Latent profile analysis
Latent profile analysis (LPA), also called finite mixture modeling, is a statistical method that classifies individuals into unobserved subgroups, called profiles, based on patterns in continuous variables.
Latent space model (network analysis)
A latent space model is a statistical model for network data representing each node as a point in an unobserved latent space, with edge probabilities determined by latent positions.
Latent transition analysis
Latent transition analysis, also known as latent Markov modeling, is a longitudinal statistical method that extends latent class analysis to estimate how individuals move between unobserved subgroups over time.
Latent variable model
A latent variable model is a probabilistic model in which each observed data point is paired with an unobserved variable, explaining high-dimensional data with few degrees of freedom.
Lateral connectivity
Lateral connectivity is the water-mediated exchange of water, energy, materials, and organisms between a river channel and its floodplain, one of three dimensions of river connectivity.
Lateral force microscopy
Lateral force microscopy (LFM), also called friction force microscopy, is a scanning probe technique derived from atomic force microscopy that maps friction and material contrast.
Laterite
Laterite, or lateritic soil, is a highly weathered tropical soil or rock rich in iron and aluminum oxides, a major source of nickel and a traditional building brick.
Latha Venkataraman
Latha Venkataraman is an applied physicist and chemist known for single-molecule electronics, formerly Lawrence Gussman Professor at Columbia University and a professor at IST Austria since 2025.
Latin hypercube sampling
Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is a stratified Monte Carlo method, introduced by McKay, Beckman, and Conover in 1979, that stratifies each input dimension to reduce variance in uncertainty analysis.
Latin square
A Latin square, or row-column design, is an n × n array of n symbols, each appearing exactly once in every row and column, named for Euler's Latin letters.
Latite
Latite is a volcanic rock made of roughly equal alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase with little or no quartz, making it the extrusive equivalent of monzonite.
Latitude
Latitude is the geographic coordinate specifying a point's north–south position on Earth as an angle from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles, running east–west as parallels.
Lattice (group)
A lattice, or point lattice, is a discrete additive subgroup of Euclidean space, a periodic set of points central to the geometry of numbers, sphere packings, and cryptography.
Lattice (order)
A lattice is a partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a greatest lower bound (meet) and a least upper bound (join).
Lattice Boltzmann methods
Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) are numerical techniques for computational fluid dynamics that simulate fluid flow on a lattice, well suited to complex geometries and multiphase interfaces.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation
A lattice Boltzmann simulation is a computational fluid dynamics method that tracks particle distributions on a discrete lattice, producing density, velocity, and pressure fields for fluid flows.
Lattice constant
The lattice constant, also called the lattice parameter, is one of six lengths and angles specifying a crystal's unit cell, typically measured by X-ray diffraction in ångströms.
Lattice energy
Lattice energy, also called lattice enthalpy, measures how strongly ions are held in an ionic crystal; it is obtained from Born-Haber cycles and grows with ionic charge.
Lattice field theory
Lattice field theory, also called lattice regularization, formulates a quantum field theory on a discrete space-time grid, with lattice QCD, proposed by Kenneth Wilson in 1974, its principal application.
Lattice gas model
The lattice gas model is a statistical-mechanical and fluid-dynamical model in which particles occupy only discrete lattice sites, first named by Yang and Lee in 1952.
Lattice gauge theory
Lattice gauge theory, introduced by Kenneth Wilson in 1974, defines gauge field theories like quantum chromodynamics on a discrete spacetime lattice, allowing non-perturbative calculations by numerical simulation.
Lattice oxygen mechanism
The lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM), also called lattice oxygen evolution reaction, is an oxygen evolution pathway where catalyst lattice oxygen directly forms O2, bypassing adsorbate mechanism limits.
Lattice QCD
Lattice QCD, also known as lattice quantum chromodynamics, is the formulation of QCD, the theory of the strong interaction, on a discrete space-time grid, proposed by Kenneth Wilson in 1974.
Lattice surgery
Lattice surgery is a fault-tolerant method for performing logical operations between surface-code quantum memories by merging and splitting code lattices, introduced in 2012 as an alternative to defect braiding.
Lattice units
Lattice units are the dimensionless units in which lattice QCD simulations express results, with masses given in units of the lattice spacing a; converting to physical units requires scale setting.
Lattice-ordered group
A lattice-ordered group, also called an ℓ-group, is a group with a partial order under which every two elements have a meet and join, preserved by all translations.
Laue diffraction
Laue diffraction is a crystallographic method in which a stationary crystal is hit by polychromatic X-rays, recording many diffraction spots in a single exposure; spot positions report orientation and lattice quality.
Lauge Koch
Lauge Koch (1892–1964) was a Danish geologist and Arctic explorer who mapped North Greenland by dog sledge and led East Greenland expeditions from 1926 to 1958.