42,772 articles
Lee Grodzins
Lee Grodzins (1926–2025) was an American nuclear physicist who co-measured the neutrino's helicity, taught at MIT for 40 years, and co-founded the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Lee Hartmann
Lee Hartmann is an American astronomer at the University of Michigan who studies star and planet formation, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2024.
Lee Irvin Smith
Lee Irvin Smith (1891–1973) was an American organic chemist who spent his forty-year career at the University of Minnesota and first synthesized the tocopherols, the vitamin E family.
Lee R. Cambrea
Lee R. Cambrea is an American research chemist at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division in China Lake, California, who received a 2011 PECASE award.
Lee R. Kump
Lee R. Kump is an American geoscientist and biogeochemist at Penn State known for work on the carbon cycle, mass extinctions, and atmospheric oxygen, and dean from 2017 to 2026.
Lee Smolin
Lee Smolin (born 1955) is an American theoretical physicist, a founding faculty member of the Perimeter Institute, known for co-founding loop quantum gravity and proposing cosmological natural selection.
Lee wave
A lee wave is a quasi-stationary atmospheric gravity wave that forms on the downwind side of a mountain range, often visible as stationary lenticular clouds.
Lee-Lueng Fu
Lee-Lueng Fu is a Taiwanese-American physical oceanographer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who led satellite altimetry missions measuring sea level, including TOPEX/Poseidon and SWOT, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2008.
Lee–Carter model
The Lee–Carter model is a statistical method that forecasts age-specific death rates and life expectancy, proposed by Ronald Lee and Lawrence Carter in 1992 and now the standard starting point for stochastic mortality forecasting.
Leech lattice
The Leech lattice is a lattice in 24-dimensional space, found by John Leech in 1965, whose sphere packing is provably the densest possible in 24 dimensions.
Leeor Kronik
Leeor Kronik (ליאור קרוניק) is an Israeli theoretical chemist at the Weizmann Institute of Science, known for density functional theory and optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functionals.
Leeville
Leeville is a shaft-accessed underground gold mine on the Carlin Trend in northern Nevada, near Elko. It was Newmont's first Nevada underground mine reached by shaft, producing ore from 2006.
Left-right symmetric model
The left-right symmetric model (LRSM) is a Standard Model extension giving right-handed fermions their own weak interaction, proposed in 1975 to explain parity violation and neutrino mass.
Legacy Survey of Space and Time
The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is a ten-year optical survey of the southern sky by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile, begun in 2026.
Legal metrology
Legal metrology is the application of legal requirements to measurements and measuring instruments, performed by governmental authorities to ensure confidence in results such as fuel, utility, and retail transactions.
LEGEND-200
LEGEND-200 is a physics experiment at the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of germanium-76, which began taking data in 2023.
Legendre polynomials
The Legendre polynomials are a sequence of orthogonal polynomials on [-1, 1], introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1784 and used in numerical analysis and mathematical physics.
Legendre symbol
The Legendre symbol, also called the quadratic residue symbol, is a function from number theory that tells whether an integer is a quadratic residue modulo an odd prime p.
Legendre transformation
The Legendre transformation, or Legendre transform, re-expresses a convex function in terms of its slope instead of its value, a key tool of convex analysis.
Legendre's conjecture
Legendre's conjecture is an unsolved problem in number theory stating that there is at least one prime between every pair of consecutive squares, proposed by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1808 and still unproven.
Leggett–Garg inequality
The Leggett–Garg inequality is a mathematical constraint, derived by Anthony Leggett and Anupam Garg in 1985, that quantum mechanics violates in superconducting qubits, photons, and neutrino oscillations.
Lei Wang
Lei Wang (Wang Lei) is a Singapore-based electrocatalysis researcher and assistant professor at the National University of Singapore who converts carbon dioxide into fuels and chemicals.
Lei Xing
Lei Xing is a medical physicist at Stanford University who directs its Medical Physics Division, leads the Xing Laboratory, and works on artificial intelligence, imaging, and radiation oncology.
Lei Zhu
Lei Zhu is a polymer scientist and professor at Case Western Reserve University known for high-dielectric-constant and ferroelectric polymers, including fluorine-free ferroelectric polymers reported in Science in 2025.
Leibniz formula for determinants
The Leibniz formula for determinants expresses the determinant of an n × n matrix as a signed sum over all n! permutations, a definition introduced by Leibniz in 1693.
Leibniz formula for π
The Leibniz formula for π, also called the Gregory–Leibniz series, is the alternating series 1 − 1/3 + 1/5 − 1/7 + ⋯ that sums to π/4.
Leibniz integral rule
The Leibniz integral rule, or differentiation under the integral sign, is a calculus formula for differentiating a definite integral whose limits or integrand depend on a parameter.
Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy
The Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy was a priority dispute between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over who invented calculus, fought mainly from 1708 to 1716.
Leibniz's notation
Leibniz's notation is the standard calculus notation introduced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1675, using dx, dy, the derivative dy/dx, and the integral sign ∫, first published in 1684.
Leica Camera
Leica Camera AG is a German manufacturer of cameras, lenses, and sports optics based in Wetzlar, known for the Leica I of 1925, the first mass-produced 35 mm camera.