42,772 articles
Lowest common denominator
The lowest common denominator (LCD), also called the least common denominator, is the least common multiple of the denominators in a set of fractions, used mainly to add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators.
Lowest temperature recorded on Earth
The lowest temperature recorded on Earth, also called the coldest temperature achieved on Earth, is −89.2 °C, recorded at Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983.
LP 40-365
LP 40-365 (GD 492) is a nearby hyper-runaway white dwarf traveling faster than the Milky Way's escape speed, likely the surviving remnant of a Type Iax supernova.
Lp convergence of random variables
Lp convergence of random variables, also called convergence in mean of order p, is the mode of convergence where E[|Xn − X|^p] tends to zero as n grows.
Lp space
An Lp space, also called a Lebesgue space or Lp norm space, is a space of measurable functions whose p-th power is integrable, a central object of functional analysis.
LQ Hydrae
LQ Hydrae (LQ Hya) is a young, single, magnetically active K-type main-sequence star about 18 parsecs away in Hydra, a BY Draconis variable whose rotating starspots modulate its brightness.
LS coupling
LS coupling, also called Russell–Saunders coupling, is a scheme for atomic angular momentum in which total orbital L and spin S combine into J, valid for light atoms.
LS I +61 303
LS I +61 303 is a high-mass X-ray binary about 2 kpc away, hosting a compact object of unknown nature orbiting a rapidly rotating B0 Ve star.
LST-1
LST-1 (Large-Sized Telescope 1) is the first of the Large-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, inaugurated in 2018 on La Palma, Spain, and taking science data since 2019.
LU decomposition
The LU decomposition, also called LU factorization or LR decomposition, expresses a matrix as the product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U.
Lu Jeu Sham
Lu Jeu Sham is a Hong Kong-born condensed matter theorist, Distinguished Professor Emeritus at UC San Diego, and one of the three founders of density functional theory, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1998.
Lu2V2O7
Lu2V2O7, or lutetium vanadate, is a ferromagnetic pyrochlore oxide, a Mott insulator that orders below about 70 to 73 K and where the magnon thermal Hall effect was first observed in 2010.
Lubin–Tate formal group law
The Lubin–Tate formal group law, or Lubin–Tate group, is a formal group over the integers of a local field, introduced by Jonathan Lubin and John Tate in 1965.
Lubrication
Lubrication, also called greasing, places a fluid, solid, or semi-solid film between surfaces in relative motion so shear occurs within the film, reducing friction and wear; its governing Reynolds equation dates to 1886.
Lubrication approximation
The lubrication approximation, also called the thin-film approximation, is a simplification of the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow in thin films, valid when film thickness is far smaller than lateral extent.
Luc Berger
Luc Berger, born 1933 in Morges, Switzerland, is a Swiss condensed matter physicist and emeritus Carnegie Mellon professor known for theories of current-induced magnetic torques.
Luca Pacioli
Luca Pacioli, also known as Fra Luca Pacioli, was an Italian Franciscan friar and mathematician whose 1494 Summa gave the first printed account of double-entry bookkeeping.
Lucas number
The Lucas numbers, also known as the Lucas series, are an integer sequence 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, where each term is the sum of the two before it.
Lucas numbers
Lucas numbers form an integer sequence 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, defined by the Fibonacci recurrence but with different starting values, named for Édouard Lucas.
Lucas sequence
A Lucas sequence is one of a pair of integer sequences defined by a recurrence with parameters P and Q, generalizing Fibonacci, Pell, and Mersenne numbers.
Lucas' reagent
Lucas' reagent is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid, used in the Lucas test, reported in 1930, to classify alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Lucian M. Walkowicz
Lucian M. Walkowicz is an astronomer and educator known for research on stellar flares, leadership in the LSST survey, and work on the ethics of space exploration.
Luciano Maiani
Luciano Maiani (born 1941) is an Italian theoretical particle physicist, the M in the GIM mechanism that predicted the charm quark, and CERN Director-General from 1999 to 2003.
Luciano Rezzolla
Luciano Rezzolla is an Italian relativistic astrophysicist who has held the chair of theoretical astrophysics at Goethe University Frankfurt since 2013, studying black holes and neutron stars.
Lucien Le Cam
Lucien Le Cam (1924–2000) was a French statistician at the University of California, Berkeley, who built the modern theory of asymptotic statistics, including local asymptotic normality.
Lucien Szpiro
Lucien Szpiro (1941–2020) was a French mathematician best known for Szpiro's conjecture comparing the discriminant and conductor of an elliptic curve, and for proving the Shafarevich conjecture over function fields.
Lucienne family
Lucienne family (FIN 409): small, compact, high-inclination S-type asteroid family in the inner main belt, parent (1892) Lucienne, 142 members at 100 m/s cutoff, albedo 0.22, likely second-generation fragmentation.
Lucifer Yellow
Lucifer Yellow (LY) is a highly fluorescent, membrane-impermeant dye introduced in 1978 by Walter W. Stewart for labeling cells by intracellular injection and tracing cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions.
Lucigenin
Lucigenin, also written bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate, is a dicationic acridinium compound used as a chemiluminescent probe for detecting superoxide production by enzymes, cells, and tissues, though redox cycling can overestimate it.
Lucio Frydman
Lucio Frydman is an NMR and MRI spectroscopist, professor at the Weizmann Institute in Israel, known for MQMAS solid-state NMR and ultrafast single-scan multidimensional NMR.