42,772 articles
Lutz H. Gade
Lutz H. Gade (born 1963) is a German inorganic chemist, chair of inorganic chemistry at the University of Heidelberg since 2003, known for Boxmi ligands for enantioselective catalysis.
Luvisols
Luvisols are a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base, in which clay has washed down to a base-rich subsurface horizon; they correspond to Alfisols in USDA Soil Taxonomy.
Lux
The lux (symbol lx), also called the lumen per square meter, is the SI derived unit of illuminance, weighted by the sensitivity of the human eye.
LUX-ZEPLIN
LUX-ZEPLIN, formed from the LUX and ZEPLIN experiments, is a dark matter detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota whose 7-tonne liquid xenon target has set the most stringent limits on WIMP scattering.
LUXE experiment
LUXE, the Laser Und XFEL Experiment, is a planned particle physics experiment at DESY in Hamburg that will collide 16.5 GeV electron beams with a powerful optical laser to study strong-field quantum electrodynamics.
Luzin space
A Luzin space, also called a Luzin topological space, is an uncountable T1-space without isolated points in which every nowhere-dense subset is countable, named for Nikolai Luzin.
Lyapunov equation
The Lyapunov equation is a matrix equation, AᵀP + PA = −Q, named for Aleksandr Lyapunov, whose positive definite solution certifies the stability of a linear dynamical system.
Lyapunov exponent
A Lyapunov exponent measures the average exponential rate at which nearby trajectories of a dynamical system separate or converge, arising from Aleksandr Lyapunov's 1892 thesis on stability of motion.
Lyapunov exponent (ODE stability)
A Lyapunov exponent measures the average exponential rate at which nearby trajectories of a dynamical system diverge or converge; a positive maximal exponent signals chaos, while negative exponents indicate contraction toward an attractor.
Lyapunov function
A Lyapunov function is a scalar function, positive away from an equilibrium and nonincreasing along trajectories, whose existence proves stability without solving the differential equations.
Lyapunov stability
Lyapunov stability is a mathematical notion of stability for an equilibrium point of a dynamical system: solutions starting sufficiently close remain close, introduced by Aleksandr Lyapunov in 1892.
Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction
Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is a bifurcation-theory technique that replaces a large or infinite-dimensional equation near a singular point by a smaller finite-dimensional equation carrying all essential information about the bifurcation.
Lydéric Bocquet
Lydéric Bocquet (born 1968) is a French physicist who studies nanofluidics, water and ion flow in nanometer channels, and holds a chair at the Collège de France.
Lye
Lye, also known as alkaline liquor, is the common name for strongly alkaline hydroxide compounds, chiefly sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, both corrosive white solids best known for making soap.
Lyle Isaacs
Lyle Isaacs, born 1969 in New York City, is an American supramolecular chemist and professor at the University of Maryland known for cucurbit[n]uril molecular containers.
Lyman C. Craig
Lyman C. Craig (1906–1974) was an American biochemist at the Rockefeller Institute who invented countercurrent distribution, used to isolate antibiotics, insulin, and vitamins before modern chromatography.
Lyman James Briggs
Lyman James Briggs (1874–1963) was an American physicist who directed the National Bureau of Standards from 1933 to 1945 and chaired the Advisory Committee on Uranium.
Lyman Page
Lyman Page, born 1957, is an experimental cosmologist and Princeton professor who measures the cosmic microwave background, co-investigated the WMAP satellite, and founded the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.
Lyman Spitzer
Lyman Spitzer (1914–1997) was an American theoretical astrophysicist at Princeton University who proposed the Hubble Space Telescope in 1946, invented the stellarator fusion device, and is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.
Lyman-alpha blob
A Lyman-alpha blob (LAB) is an enormous, luminous cloud of hydrogen emission spanning 10–100 kiloparsecs, found around distant high-redshift galaxies and linked to the densest regions of the early universe.
Lyman-alpha emitter
A Lyman-alpha emitter is a galaxy selected by strong hydrogen Lyman-alpha emission, typically a young, compact, metal-poor star-forming galaxy used to probe reionization and the early universe.
Lyman-alpha forest
The Lyman-alpha forest is the dense set of absorption lines from neutral hydrogen in the spectra of distant quasars, tracing the intergalactic medium along the line of sight.
Lyn Evans
Lyn Evans, full name Lyndon Rees Evans, is a Welsh accelerator physicist born in 1945 who designed and led the 14-year construction of CERN's Large Hadron Collider.
Lynden Archer
Lynden A. Archer is an American chemical engineer at Cornell University, where he is dean of engineering, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2018 for battery research.
Lyndon Frederick Small
Lyndon Frederick Small (1897–1957) was an American chemist who led drug addiction research at the University of Virginia and NIH, developing the painkiller metopon, a morphine derivative about three times as potent as morphine.
Lyndon word
A Lyndon word is a finite word over an ordered alphabet that is lexicographically smaller than all of its nontrivial rotations, introduced by Roger Lyndon in 1954.
Lynford L. Goddard
Lynford L. Goddard is an American electrical engineer at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign working on lasers, photonic integrated circuits, and sensors, and a 2008 PECASE recipient.
Lynn Sykes
Lynn R. Sykes, born 1937, is an American seismologist and National Academy of Sciences member at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, known for confirming plate tectonics and nuclear test ban verification.
Lynn Thorndike
Lynn Thorndike (1882–1965) was an American historian at Columbia University, a founder of the history of science as an academic field in the United States.
Lyotropic liquid crystal
A lyotropic liquid crystal is a liquid crystalline phase formed when amphiphilic molecules such as surfactants or lipids self-assemble in a solvent, usually water, into ordered structures.