Physical world and mathematics

Mandelic acid

Mandelic acid (2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, C₈H₈O₃) is a chiral aromatic alpha-hydroxy acid isolated from bitter almonds in 1831, used in drug synthesis, chemical peels, and biodegradable polymers.

Manfred M. Kappes

Manfred M. Kappes (born 1957 in Bonn) is a German physical chemist and KIT professor known for determining gold cluster ion structures and separating metallic from semiconducting carbon nanotubes.

Manfred M. Mayer (1916–1984) was a German-born American immunochemist at Johns Hopkins University, regarded as a founder of complement research and elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1979.

Manfred R. Strecker

Manfred R. Strecker, also known as Manfred Strecker, is a German geoscientist, Professor and Chair of Geology at the University of Potsdam since 1995, studying tectonics, climate, and erosion in mountain belts.

Sep 20, 2026

Manfred Scheer

Manfred Scheer (born 1955) is a German inorganic chemist who held the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Regensburg and is known for phosphorus and arsenic chemistry.

Manfred Sigrist

Manfred Sigrist is a Swiss theoretical condensed matter physicist, now an emeritus professor at ETH Zurich, best known for his 1998 theory of time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity in Sr2RuO4.

Manfred Stamm

Manfred Stamm is a German polymer physicist and materials scientist at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, known for work on polymer surfaces, thin films, interfaces, and neutron reflectometry.

Manfred T. Reetz

Manfred T. Reetz (1943–2026) was a German organic chemist who directed the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung from 1991 to 2011 and pioneered directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes.

Sep 17, 2026

Manganese

Manganese (Mn, atomic number 25) is a hard, brittle silvery transition metal isolated in 1774, used mainly in steelmaking and essential to photosynthesis and all known living organisms.

Manganese catalysis

Manganese catalysis is the use of manganese, as organometallic complexes or solid materials, to accelerate reactions such as hydrogenation, C–H activation, and bond formation in organic synthesis.

Sep 17, 2026

Manganese dioxide

Manganese dioxide (MnO2), also known as manganese peroxide, is an inorganic compound occurring as the mineral pyrolusite, the most common manganese ore, and serving as the cathode material of dry cell and alkaline batteries.

Manganese ferrite

Manganese ferrite, MnFe₂O₄, is a soft magnetic ceramic spinel ferrite with a partially inverse structure, prepared from inexpensive, earth-abundant precursors for remediation and biomedical uses.

Manganese nodule

A manganese nodule, also called a polymetallic nodule, is a potato-sized concretion of iron and manganese oxides lying loose on the deep seabed, rich in nickel, copper, and cobalt.

Manganese oxide electrocatalysis

Manganese oxide electrocatalysis is the use of manganese oxides (MnOx) as electrocatalysts, above all for oxygen evolution in water splitting, driven by the scarcity of iridium and ruthenium benchmarks.

Manganese oxide nanoparticles

Manganese oxide nanoparticles, also called MnOₓ NPs, are nanoscale particles of manganese oxides including MnO, MnO₂, and Mn₃O₄, used in energy storage, catalysis, and biomedical imaging.

Manganese phosphide

Manganese phosphide (MnP) is an intermetallic compound of manganese and phosphorus, a gray metallic solid that is ferromagnetic below 291 K and becomes the first manganese-based superconductor under pressure of about 8 GPa.

Manganese pincer hydrogenation catalysts

Manganese pincer hydrogenation catalysts are Mn(I) complexes with tridentate pincer ligands that use molecular hydrogen to reduce polar bonds like ketones, esters, and CO2, a field begun in 2016.

Manganese silicide

Manganese silicide is an intermetallic compound of manganese and silicon. Its best-studied form, Mn₅Si₃, is an altermagnet that combines spin-polarized currents with antiferromagnetic speed and field robustness.

Manganese sulfate

Manganese sulfate (manganese(II) sulfate, MnSO4) is a water-soluble inorganic salt of divalent manganese, serving as the main precursor to manganese metal and manganese dioxide and used in fertilizers, animal feed, and ceramics.

Manganese thiophosphate

Manganese thiophosphate, also called manganese phosphorus trisulfide, is a layered van der Waals semiconductor (MnPS₃) that becomes antiferromagnetic at 78 K and is a standard platform for studying 2D magnetism.

Manganese-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation

Manganese-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation is the enantioselective addition of hydrogen across ketone, imine, and alkene bonds using chiral manganese pincer complexes, a field opened in 2016 that replaces precious metals like rhodium and iridium.

Manganese-catalyzed C–H fluorination

Manganese-catalyzed C–H fluorination is a reaction in which a manganese porphyrin catalyst converts unactivated aliphatic C–H bonds directly into C–F bonds, first reported by Groves in 2012.

Manganese-oxo cubane

A manganese-oxo cubane is a molecular cluster with manganese ions and oxide bridges alternating at the corners of a cube, best known as a model for photosynthesis's oxygen-evolving complex.

Manganese-oxo cubane water oxidation catalysts

Manganese-oxo cubane water oxidation catalysts are Mn₄O₄-type molecular clusters, bioinspired by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, that oxidize water to oxygen; the Dismukes cubane exceeds 1000 catalytic turnovers on Nafion electrodes.

Manganese-zinc ferrite

Manganese-zinc ferrite (MnZn ferrite) is a soft magnetic spinel ceramic of manganese, zinc, and iron, used chiefly as the core material of transformers and inductors up to about 1 MHz.

Manganese(II) oxide

Manganese(II) oxide, also called manganous oxide, is an inorganic compound of manganese and oxygen with formula MnO, used as a precursor to manganese chemicals, in ceramics and pigments, and as a battery anode material.

Manganin

Manganin is a copper-manganese-nickel resistance alloy, invented in 1889, whose resistance barely changes near room temperature, making it the standard material for precision resistance standards and current shunts.