42,772 articles
Max Seddig
Max Seddig (1877–1963) was a German physicist whose chronophotographic Brownian motion measurements, published in 1907 and 1908, tested Einstein's 1905 theory; he spent most of his career at Frankfurt.
Max Steenbeck
Max Steenbeck (1904–1981) was a German physicist whose betatron stability condition enabled the first particle accelerators and who developed the gas ultracentrifuge for uranium enrichment in the Soviet atomic program.
Max Tegmark
Max Tegmark is a Swedish-American physicist and MIT professor who moved from precision cosmology to AI safety, known for the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis and four-level multiverse taxonomy.
Max Tishler
Max Tishler (1906–1989) was an American industrial chemist who spent 32 years at Merck, developing commercial syntheses of penicillin, cortisone, and vitamins before teaching at Wesleyan University.
Max Volmer
Max Volmer (1885–1965) was a German physical chemist at the Technische Hochschule Berlin known for the Butler–Volmer equation, the Volmer–Weber growth mode, and classical nucleation theory.
Max von Laue
Max von Laue was a German physicist who discovered the diffraction of X-rays by crystals in 1912, proving X-rays are waves, and received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Max Wolf
Max Wolf (1863–1932) was a German astronomer, professor at Heidelberg and director of the Königstuhl Observatory, who pioneered photographic asteroid discovery and found 228 asteroids, including the first Jupiter Trojan, 588 Achilles.
Max Wyss
Max Wyss is a seismologist, Caltech PhD of 1970 and Wadati Professor Emeritus at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, known for his 1981 multiple asperity model for earthquake prediction.
Max-flow min-cut theorem
The max-flow min-cut theorem states that the maximum flow from source to sink in a network equals the minimum cut capacity, proved by Ford and Fulkerson in 1956.
Max-product algorithm
The max-product algorithm, also called min-sum or max-sum, is a message-passing method that computes the most probable assignment of a distribution over a factor graph, exactly on trees.
Max-stable distribution
A max-stable distribution is a probability distribution for which the maximum of independent, identically distributed copies, after rescaling and shifting, has again the same distribution; only three families qualify.
MAXI J1820+070
MAXI J1820+070, also known as ASASSN-18ey, is a low-mass black hole X-ray binary whose bright outburst began in March 2018, becoming one of the brightest X-ray sources in the sky.
Maxim Kontsevich
Maxim Kontsevich (Максим Концевич), born 1964 in the USSR, is a French mathematician at IHÉS who won the Fields Medal in 1998 for work on moduli spaces of curves.
Maximal ideal
A maximal ideal is a proper ideal of a ring with no ideal strictly between it and the ring; an ideal is maximal exactly when the quotient ring is a field.
Maxime Bôcher
Maxime Bôcher (1867–1918) was an American mathematician at Harvard who worked on potential theory, differential equations, and algebra, and founded the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society.
Maximilian Haider
Maximilian Haider (born 1950, Freistadt, Austria) is an Austrian physicist who built the first working aberration corrector for the transmission electron microscope in 1997 and shared the 2020 Kavli Prize.
Maximum a posteriori estimation
Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation is a Bayesian point-estimation method that picks the parameter value maximizing the posterior, equivalent to maximum likelihood with a prior added.
Maximum cardinality matching
A maximum cardinality matching, also known as a maximum matching, is a matching of largest possible size in a graph, a classic combinatorial optimization problem solvable in polynomial time.
Maximum density of water
The maximum density of water occurs near 3.98 °C at standard atmospheric pressure, so water expands as it cools further, letting lakes freeze from the top down.
Maximum entropy model
A maximum entropy model is a probability distribution chosen as the least-committal one consistent with observed constraints, selecting the distribution of largest entropy among those matching the data.
Maximum entropy thermodynamics
Maximum entropy thermodynamics, or MaxEnt thermodynamics, is a formulation of thermodynamics in which a system's state is found by maximizing entropy subject to known constraints, an approach proposed by E. T. Jaynes in 1957.
Maximum likelihood estimation
Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a statistical estimation method that picks parameter values maximizing the likelihood of the observed data, introduced by R. A. Fisher in 1922.
Maximum likelihood expectation maximization
Maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) is an iterative algorithm for reconstructing images in PET and SPECT emission tomography, introduced by Shepp and Vardi in a 1982 paper.
Maximum permissible error
A maximum permissible error, also called a limit of error, is the extreme measurement error that specifications or regulations permit for a given measurement, measuring instrument, or measuring system.
Maximum potential intensity
Maximum potential intensity, often called potential intensity, is a theoretical upper limit on the strength a tropical cyclone can reach in a given atmospheric and oceanic environment.
Maximum power transfer theorem
The maximum power transfer theorem, also called Jacobi's law, states that a source with fixed internal resistance delivers the greatest power when the load resistance equals the source resistance.
Maximum principle
The maximum principle is a collection of theorems for elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations stating that a solution attains its extreme values on the boundary of its domain.
Maximum sustained wind
Maximum sustained wind is the highest near-surface wind speed averaged over a defined period, used as the standard measure of a tropical cyclone's intensity; the United States uses a 1-minute average.
Maximum variation sampling
Maximum variation sampling, also called heterogeneous purposive sampling, is a qualitative research strategy that selects cases differing as much as possible on dimensions set in advance.
MAXQDA
MAXQDA is a software package for qualitative and mixed methods data analysis developed by VERBI Software in Berlin, first released as MAX for DOS in 1989.