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Meteotsunami
A meteotsunami is a tsunami-like series of ocean waves generated by fast-moving atmospheric pressure disturbances rather than earthquakes or landslides, known regionally as the rissaga in the Balearic Islands.
Metglas
Metglas is a trade name for iron-based amorphous metal alloys, first developed by Allied Signal in the 1970s and sold chiefly as low-loss transformer core material.
Methacholine
Methacholine is a cholinergic agonist that stimulates muscarinic receptors and induces bronchoconstriction, used as the provoking agent in the methacholine challenge test for diagnosing asthma.
Methacrylic acid
Methacrylic acid is a clear, colorless carboxylic acid with a pungent odor and the formula CH₂=C(CH₃)COOH, produced industrially as a monomer for plastics, resins, and adhesives.
Methacrylonitrile
Methacrylonitrile (2-methylpropenenitrile) is a colorless, flammable liquid acrylic monomer with a bitter almond odor, the methyl-substituted analog of acrylonitrile, polymerized to make plastics, coatings, and elastomers.
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine, also known as metamfetamine or crystal meth, is a highly addictive amphetamine-class stimulant first synthesized in 1893, prescribed as Desoxyn but illicitly used and linked to psychosis and overdose.
Methanation
Methanation is the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon oxides (CO and CO₂) to methane and water, used to purify synthesis gas and make substitute natural gas.
Methane
Methane (CH₄), also known as marsh gas, is a colorless, flammable gas and the simplest hydrocarbon, making up most natural gas and driving about 30% of global warming.
Methane aromatization
Methane aromatization, also called methane dehydroaromatization (MDA), is a non-oxidative catalytic reaction that converts methane directly into benzene and hydrogen, pursued to monetize natural gas.
Methane C–H borylation
Methane C–H borylation is a catalytic reaction replacing one hydrogen atom of methane with a boryl group, typically giving CH₃Bpin from a diboron or hydroboron reagent, first catalyzed by iridium in 2016.
Methane capture
Methane capture is the interception of methane before it reaches the atmosphere, from landfills, anaerobic digesters, coal mines, or leaking fossil fuel infrastructure, followed by flaring or use as fuel.
Methane clathrate
Methane clathrate, also called methane hydrate or burning ice, is an ice-like crystalline solid trapping methane in water cages, found in marine sediments and permafrost, where it stores vast amounts of methane.
Methane functionalization
Methane functionalization is the direct chemical conversion of methane into value-added products such as methanol and acetic acid by activating its C–H bonds, bypassing synthesis gas; no industrial direct process exists yet.
Methane monooxygenase
Methane monooxygenase (MMO) is the enzyme used by methanotrophic bacteria to oxidize methane to methanol, working at ambient conditions and existing as soluble iron-based sMMO and membrane-bound copper-based pMMO.
Methane on Mars
Methane on Mars refers to trace methane gas reported in the Martian atmosphere since 2004, from Curiosity and Mars Express, whose origins, geological or biological, remain debated.
Methane oxidation
Methane oxidation is the conversion of methane to oxidized products like methanol or carbon dioxide, by industrial catalysts, plasma, and methanotrophic microbes, a key climate mitigation lever.
Methane partial oxidation
Methane partial oxidation is a catalytic chemistry process converting methane with limited oxygen into methanol, formaldehyde, or syngas; direct methane-to-methanol conversion remains unindustrialized after a century of research.
Methane to methanol
Methane to methanol (MTM) conversion turns methane into methanol, a liquid fuel and feedstock far easier to transport than methane, but selective direct conversion remains difficult.
Methane to methanol over copper zeolites
Methane to methanol over copper zeolites is the direct, selective partial oxidation of methane to methanol by copper ions in zeolites, run stepwise or in continuous flow near 200 °C.
Methane-to-methanol conversion
Methane-to-methanol conversion is the chemical transformation of methane, the main component of natural gas, into methanol, done industrially via syngas while direct routes remain a research goal.
Methanethiol
Methanethiol (CH3SH), also called methyl mercaptan, is the simplest thiol, a colorless, highly flammable gas smelling of rotten cabbage, detectable at about one part per billion.
Methanol
Methanol, also called methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is the simplest alcohol, a clear, flammable liquid used industrially as a solvent, feedstock, and fuel, and highly toxic to humans.
Methanol oxidation reaction
The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is the six-electron electrochemical oxidation of methanol to CO2, the anode reaction of the direct methanol fuel cell where it limits performance.
Methanol synthesis
Methanol synthesis is the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas into methanol over a copper-based catalyst at 50–100 bar and 200–300 °C, first commercialized in 1923.
Methanol-to-olefins
Methanol-to-olefins (MTO) is a catalytic chemical process converting methanol into ethylene and propylene over SAPO-34 catalysts, offering an alternative to petroleum from coal, natural gas, or biomass.
Methanolysis
Methanolysis is a chemical reaction in which methanol cleaves ester bonds in triglycerides and polymers such as PET, used in biodiesel production and plastic recycling.
Methcathinone (α-methylamino-propiophenone)
Methcathinone, also known as ephedrone, is a synthetic cathinone stimulant first synthesized by Roger Adams in 1928 and internationally controlled as a Schedule I substance.
Methicillin
Methicillin (brand name Celbenin) is a semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin family, introduced in the UK in 1959 as the first penicillin resistant to staphylococcal β-lactamase.
Methimazole
Methimazole, sold as Tapazole, is an antithyroid drug of the thionamide class that treats hyperthyroidism by blocking thyroid hormone synthesis; it is also used for hyperthyroidism in cats.
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met) is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid obtained mainly from meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, needed to start every protein and to make the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine.