42,772 articles
Microbalance
A microbalance is a laboratory weighing instrument with readability of 1 microgram or finer, two orders of magnitude beyond an analytical balance, used for microgram-scale weighing.
Microbial carbon pump
The microbial carbon pump (MCP) is an ocean carbon sequestration mechanism, proposed in 2010, in which marine microorganisms transform labile dissolved organic carbon into recalcitrant forms persisting for millennia.
Microbial electrosynthesis
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a bioelectrochemical method in which microorganisms use electric current from a cathode to convert carbon dioxide into acetate, alcohols, and other chemicals.
Microbial food web
The microbial food web is the portion of aquatic food webs made up of bacteria, archaea, protists, and viruses that recycle nutrients and dissolved organic matter.
Microbialite
A microbialite is an organosedimentary deposit that accretes through interaction between benthic microbial communities and sediments, a term introduced by Burne and Moore in 1987 that includes stromatolites and thrombolites.
Microbiological research
Microbiological Research, ISSN 0944-5013, is an Elsevier peer-reviewed microbiology journal published since 1994, continuing Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie; 2025 impact factor 8.5, Q1, distinct from MDPI's Microbiology Research.
MicroBooNE
MicroBooNE is a liquid argon time projection chamber neutrino experiment at Fermilab that ran from 2015 to 2021, using a 170-ton detector in the Booster Neutrino Beam as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program.
Microburst
A microburst is a small downburst of sinking, rain-cooled air that strikes the ground and spreads damaging winds; the term was coined by Ted Fujita in 1975.
Microcalorimetry
Microcalorimetry is a calorimetric technique that measures heat released or absorbed during chemical, physical, or biological processes in small samples, detecting heat effects at the microjoule level without labels.
Microcanonical ensemble
The microcanonical ensemble is the statistical mechanics distribution describing an isolated system with fixed total energy, assigning equal probability to every compatible microstate and yielding Boltzmann entropy.
Microcavity polariton
A microcavity polariton, also called a cavity polariton, is a quasiparticle formed in a semiconductor microcavity by strong coupling between a cavity photon and an exciton.
Microcentrifuge
A microcentrifuge is a compact benchtop centrifuge that spins small liquid samples in 0.2 to 2 mL tubes at high speed to separate components by density, a standard instrument of molecular biology labs.
Microchip electrophoresis
Microchip electrophoresis is an analytical technique separating charged molecules in micromachined chip channels under an electric field, running in seconds on nanoliter samples, first demonstrated in 1992.
Microclimate
A microclimate is the climate of a small, specific area like a forest canopy or city street, whose temperature, humidity, and wind differ measurably from the surrounding region.
Microcline
Microcline is a triclinic potassium feldspar (KAlSi₃O₈), one of the most abundant rock-forming minerals of the continental crust, best known for its cross-hatched tartan twinning and its bluish-green gem variety amazonite.
Microcomb-based optical atomic clock on a chip
A microcomb-based optical atomic clock uses a chip-scale frequency comb to link an atom's optical oscillations to a countable microwave signal, making compact, portable optical timekeeping possible.
Microcrystal electron diffraction
Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) is a cryogenic electron diffraction method, introduced in 2013, that solves atomic-resolution crystal structures from crystals far too small for conventional X-ray diffraction.
Microcrystalline cellulose
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), also sold as cellulose gel and labeled E460(i), is a partially depolymerized cellulose widely used as a tablet excipient and food additive.
Microdosimetry
Microdosimetry is the branch of radiation dosimetry that measures the random deposition of energy by ionizing radiation in microscopic, cell-sized volumes, developed by Harald H. Rossi from 1959 onward.
MicroED
MicroED, also known as 3D electron diffraction, is a crystallographic method that determines atomic-resolution structures from crystals far too small for X-ray diffraction, first demonstrated in 2013.
Microelectrophoresis
Microelectrophoresis is an electrokinetic technique that measures the electrophoretic mobility of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid, observed under a microscope while an electric field is applied.
Microemulsion
A microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable, optically transparent liquid mixture of oil, water, and surfactant that forms spontaneously, with dispersed domains of roughly 1 to 100 nm.
Microemulsion method
The microemulsion method is a synthesis technique in materials chemistry that uses microemulsion water droplets as nanoreactors to precipitate nanoparticles of controlled size, established in 1982.
Microemulsion polymerization
Microemulsion polymerization is a free-radical technique that polymerizes monomer inside thermodynamically stable microemulsion droplets, yielding latex particles of 10–50 nm, far smaller than conventional emulsion polymerization delivers.
Microencapsulation
Microencapsulation is a technique that encloses a solid, liquid, or gaseous core within tiny wall-bound particles, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and carbonless copy paper.
Microextraction
Microextraction is a family of sample-preparation techniques in analytical chemistry that isolate and concentrate small amounts of analytes using minimal solvent or sorbent, typically before chromatographic analysis.
Microfluidic extensional rheometry
Microfluidic extensional rheometry measures the extensional flow properties of liquids, such as extensional viscosity and relaxation time, using miniaturized channel devices suited to low-viscosity fluids and small sample volumes.
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are cheap, disposable tests in which sample moves through paper by capillary action, introduced by George Whitesides' group at Harvard in 2007.
Microfluidic peristaltic pump
A microfluidic peristaltic pump is a valveless mechanical micropump that moves fluid through microscale channels by rhythmically squeezing pumping chambers in sequence, mimicking biological peristalsis.
Microfluidic rheometry
Microfluidic rheometry, also called rheometry-on-a-chip, measures fluid properties such as shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and relaxation time in micrometer-scale channels, using microliter samples and reaching shear rates conventional rheometers cannot.