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Newton disc
The Newton disc, or Newton's color disc, is a disc divided into segments in the spectrum's seven colors that appears white or gray when spun rapidly.
Newton interpolation
Newton interpolation is a numerical analysis method, attributed to Isaac Newton, for constructing the polynomial that passes through given data points, with coefficients given by the data's divided differences.
Newton polytope
A Newton polytope is the convex hull of the exponent vectors of a polynomial's terms, converting questions about sparse polynomials into questions of convex geometry.
Newton-metre
The newton-meter (N·m), also called newton meters, is the SI derived unit of moment of force, commonly called torque, defined as one newton applied with a one-meter lever arm.
Newton–Cartan theory
Newton–Cartan theory is a geometric, generally covariant formulation of Newtonian gravity introduced by Élie Cartan in 1923 and 1924, which reproduces Newton's law of gravitation and Poisson's equation exactly.
Newton–Euler equations
The Newton–Euler equations are the pair of laws governing rigid-body motion: Newton's second law for translation of the center of mass and Euler's equation for rotation about it.
Newton's cradle
Newton's cradle, also known as the executive ball clicker, is a device of swinging steel balls that demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy; lifting balls at one end sends the same number out the other.
Newton's identities
Newton's identities, also called the Newton–Girard identities, are relations expressing the power sums of variables in terms of elementary symmetric polynomials, first published by Newton in 1707.
Newton's law of cooling
Newton's law of cooling states that an object's rate of temperature change is proportional to the difference between its temperature and its surroundings, yielding exponential decay.
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every pair of masses attracts with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the distance squared.
Newton's laws of motion
Newton's laws of motion are three laws stated by Isaac Newton in 1687 describing how forces determine the motion of bodies, including inertia, F = ma, and action-reaction pairs.
Newton's method
Newton's method, also known as the Newton-Raphson method, is an iterative algorithm for solving f(x) = 0: each step replaces the estimate with the x-intercept of the tangent line.
Newton's rings
Newton's rings, or Newton fringes, are concentric bright and dark interference rings formed by light reflected in the air gap between a convex lens and a flat glass plate.
Newton's rules of reasoning
Newton's rules of reasoning, or Regulae Philosophandi, are four rules for scientific inference that Newton placed at the start of Book III of the 1687 Principia.
Newtonian fluid
A Newtonian fluid, also called a Newtonian liquid, is a fluid whose viscosity is constant and independent of shear rate, like water and air; the name honors Isaac Newton.
Newtonian limit
The Newtonian limit is the regime of general relativity with weak fields and slow motion, in which Einstein's equations reduce to Newton's law of gravitation and his equations of motion.
nEXO
nEXO is a planned particle physics experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay in 5,000 kg of liquid xenon-136, two kilometers underground at SNOLAB in Ontario, Canada.
NEXRAD
NEXRAD, or Next-Generation Radar, is the WSR-88D network of about 160 Doppler weather radars run by the National Weather Service, FAA, and Air Force, deployed in the 1990s.
NEXT experiment
NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC) is a particle physics collaboration searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of xenon-136 using high-pressure xenon gas time projection chambers at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain.
Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope
The Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) is a planned upgrade of the Event Horizon Telescope that will add about 10 dishes to produce movies of black holes.
Next Generation Gravity Mission
The Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) is a European Space Agency mission, launching around 2032, that will measure changes in Earth's gravity field to track water and ice movement.
Next Generation Science Standards
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), released in April 2013, are K–12 science standards that US states can voluntarily adopt, built on the National Research Council's 2012 Framework.
Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, or NMSSM, is a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model that adds a gauge-singlet superfield, dynamically generating the Higgs mass term.
Neyman allocation
Neyman allocation is a stratified sampling rule that assigns each stratum a sample size proportional to its population size and standard deviation, minimizing variance at fixed total sample size.
Neyman–Pearson lemma
The Neyman–Pearson lemma is a theorem in mathematical statistics stating that, for testing a simple null against a simple alternative, the likelihood ratio test is most powerful.
NFPA 704
NFPA 704, known for its fire diamond, is an NFPA standard rating health, flammability, instability, and special hazards of materials on a 0 to 4 scale for emergency responders.
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, also known as L-NMMA or tilarginine, is a methylated L-arginine derivative that inhibits nitric oxide synthase and became the standard tool for testing NO dependence.
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is a water-soluble methyl ester of L-NNA and a widely used nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, hydrolyzed by esterases to the active compound and standard for inducing experimental hypertension.
NGC 1039
NGC 1039, also cataloged as Messier 34 (M34), is an intermediate-aged open star cluster in Perseus about 1,400 light years away, bright enough to see with the naked eye.
NGC 1052
NGC 1052 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Cetus, about 20 megaparsecs away, notable for a LINER active nucleus and a double-sided radio jet seen nearly edge-on.