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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction
The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), founded in 1995 and headquartered in College Park, Maryland, runs the numerical models behind nearly all American weather forecasts.
NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
The NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) is the NOAA line office that operates environmental satellites, distributes their data, and maintains long-term environmental archives.
NOAA Weather Radio
NOAA Weather Radio, also called NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards, is the National Weather Service's 24/7 network of over 1,000 transmitters broadcasting forecasts and warnings.
NOAA-19
NOAA-19, designated NOAA-N Prime before launch, was the last of NOAA's polar-orbiting weather satellites. Launched in 2009, it was decommissioned in 2025, ending the 47-year POES program.
NOAA-20
NOAA-20, formerly JPSS-1, is an American polar-orbiting weather satellite operated by NOAA and the first spacecraft of the Joint Polar Satellite System, launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 2017.
NOAA-21
NOAA-21 is an American polar-orbiting weather satellite operated by NOAA as the third spacecraft in the Joint Polar Satellite System, launched on November 10, 2022, and declared operational in 2023.
NOAAS Ronald H. Brown
NOAAS Ronald H. Brown, commissioned in 1997, is a global-class oceanographic and atmospheric research ship, the largest in the NOAA fleet, homeported in Charleston, South Carolina.
Noachian
The Noachian is the oldest formally defined geologic period of Mars, spanning about 4.1 to 3.7 billion years ago, with intense cratering, high erosion rates, and widespread liquid water.
Noah Diffenbaugh
Noah Diffenbaugh is an American climate scientist at Stanford University, where he is the William Wrigley Professor, known for his work on how climate change influences extreme weather events.
Noah Planavsky
Noah Planavsky is an isotope geochemist and professor at Yale University known for using chromium isotopes to reconstruct Earth's oxygenation and for applying weathering chemistry to carbon removal.
Noah-MP
Noah-MP is an open-source land surface model that simulates energy, water, and carbon exchange between land and atmosphere, serving as the land component of NOAA's National Water Model.
Noam Agmon
Noam Agmon (נועם אגמון) is an Israeli theoretical and physical chemist, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem known for work on proton transfer and proton mobility in water.
Noam Elkies
Noam Elkies is an American mathematician and Harvard professor known for number theory, for disproving Euler's sum-of-powers conjecture at age 21, and for record elliptic-curve computations.
Noam Soker
Noam Soker is an Israeli theoretical astrophysicist, born in 1958, a full professor at the Technion known for the core-degenerate model of Type Ia supernovae and the jittering-jet mechanism.
NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey
The NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) was a deep optical and near-infrared survey of 18 square degrees of sky, begun by NOAO in 1999 to study how large-scale structure evolves.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, first awarded in 1901 under Alfred Nobel's will.
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics, or Nobelpriset i fysik, is an annual international physics prize awarded in Stockholm by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 1901.
Nobelium
Nobelium is a synthetic radioactive chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102, the tenth actinide, named after Alfred Nobel and produced only in particle accelerators.
Noble gas
The noble gases, also known as rare gases, are the group 18 elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, colorless, odorless gases with very low chemical reactivity.
Noble gas hydride
A noble gas hydride is a chemically bound molecule of formula HNgY, first made in 1995; 23 members were known by 2009, including the argon compound HArF.
Noble metal
A noble metal is a metallic element highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation, such as gold, silver, and platinum, usually found in nature in its raw form.
Noble-liquid dark matter detectors
Noble-liquid dark matter detectors use liquefied xenon or argon as a scintillation target, recording rare nuclear recoils from galactic dark matter in dual-phase time-projection chambers.
Nobuharu Iwasawa
Nobuharu Iwasawa (岩澤 伸治), born 1957, is a Japanese organic chemist and Tokyo Institute of Technology professor whose catalytic CO2 fixation won the Chemical Society of Japan Award in 2023.
Nobuo Kimizuka
Nobuo Kimizuka (君塚 信夫) is a Japanese chemist at Kyushu University known for photon upconversion based on triplet energy migration in molecular assemblies, including a 2026 solid-state material converting sunlight to ultraviolet light.
Nociceptin
Nociceptin, also called orphanin FQ, is a 17-amino-acid neuropeptide discovered in 1995 that activates the NOP receptor, the fourth opioid receptor, regulating pain, mood, and reward.
Noctilucent cloud
Noctilucent clouds, also called polar mesospheric clouds, are the highest clouds on Earth, thin ice clouds near the mesopause that shine at night in summer.
Nocturnal (instrument)
The nocturnal, also called nocturlabe, is a portable instrument that tells time at night from stars circling Polaris, used by mariners from the Middle Ages into the 18th century.
Nocturnal tornado
A nocturnal tornado is a tornado that occurs between sunset and sunrise, when it is hardest to see and about 2.5 times as likely to kill.
NOD mouse
The NOD mouse (non-obese diabetic) is an inbred laboratory mouse strain that spontaneously develops autoimmune type 1 diabetes, established in 1980 in Japan as the disease's best-known animal model.
Nodal chain semimetal
A nodal chain semimetal, also called a nodal chain metal, is a topological semimetal whose conduction and valence bands touch along a chain of interconnected loops in momentum space.